ići

See also: ici, ICI, -ici, and içi

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *eitei, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey-. Cognate to Slovene iti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǐt͡ɕi/
• Hyphenation: i‧ći

Verb

ìći impf (Cyrillic spelling ѝћи)

1. (intransitive) to go, walk
2. (intransitive) to flow, run, leak (of liquid)
3. (intransitive) to function, work (of a machine)
4. (intransitive, dative) to do well, succeed
5. (intransitive) to elapse, pass (of time or period)
6. (intransitive) to belong to, classify as
7. (intransitive) to suit, fit
8. (auxiliary, informal) Forms a near future tense, akin to English going to future tense construction.

   Gladan sam. Idem jesti! ― I am hungry. I'm gonna go eat! (literally, “I am hungry. I go eat!”)

   Umorio sam se! Idem odmoriti. ― I am exhausted. I'm gonna go rest! (literally, “I am tired. I go rest!”)

   Ideš li na koncert sutra? Svi idu! ― Are you going to the concert tomorrow? Everyone is gonna go! (literally, “Are you going to the concert tomorrow? Everyone goes!”)

9. (auxiliary, informal) Forms a past progressive tense that entails an inchoate future aspect.

   Išao sam pokositi travu u vrtu, ali je počela padati kiša. (Croatia)
   Išao sam da pokosim travu u vrtu, ali je kiša počela da pada. (Bosnia, Serbia, Montenegro) ― I was going to mow the lawn, but it started raining. (literally, “I went to mown the lawn, but it started raining.”)

Usage notes

• By definition, ići implies movement; it is usually translated as "going to go/gonna go", indicating a planned action or intention or a suggestion that is to take place or be done soon.
• Ići is an imperfective verb, therefore it matches the function of English's progressive aspect. The verb is followed by the action verb in either infinitive (Croatia) or present form (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro). Action verb can be omitted if it is deducible from context:

"Jesi li pokosio travu? Ne, išao sam, ali počela je padati kiša."

"Did you cut the grass? No, I was going to, but it started raining."

• Since aorist and imperfect have become obsolete in many Serbo-Croatian dialects and supplanted in function by past perfect, the form of the tense matches the past perfect construction. Therefore, the sentence "Išao sam." could be translated as either "I went." or "I was going." depending on context.
• The future formed with "ići" is usually reserved for informal situations and actively avoided in formal ones in both speech and writing where simple future tense would be used; i.e "Hoćete li ići na koncert?" ("Will you be going/go to the concert?") instead of "Idete na koncert?" ("You gonna go to the concert?)

Conjugation

Infinitive: ići		Present verbal adverb: ȉdūći		Past verbal adverb: ȉšāvši		Verbal noun: ìdēnje
Number		Singular			Plural
Person		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Verbal forms		ja	ti	on / ona / ono	mi	vi	oni / one / ona
Present		idem	ideš	ide	idemo	idete	idu
Future	Future I	ići ću	ići ćeš	ići će	ići ćemo	ići ćete	ići će
	Future II	bȕdēm išao2	bȕdēš išao2	bȕdē išao2	bȕdēmo išli2	bȕdēte išli2	bȕdū išli2
Past	Perfect	išao sam2	išao si2	išao je2	išli smo2	išli ste2	išli su2
	Pluperfect3	bȉo sam išao2	bȉo si išao2	bȉo je išao2	bíli smo išli2	bíli ste išli2	bíli su išli2
	Imperfect	iđah	iđaše	iđaše	iđasmo	iđaste	iđahu
Conditional I		išao bih2	išao bi2	išao bi2	išli bismo2	išli biste2	išli bi2
Conditional II4		bȉo bih išao2	bȉo bi išao2	bȉo bi išao2	bíli bismo išli2	bíli biste išli2	bíli bi išli2
Imperative		—	idi	—	idimo	idite	—
Active past participle		išao m / išla f / išlo n			išli m / išle f / išla n
1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. 2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.

Conjugation of ići

Derived terms

• dȏći pf (“to arrive”)
• ìzāći, ìzīći pf (“to go out, rise (Sun, Moon)”)
• mimòīći pf
• náći pf (“to find, meet”)
• nàdīći pf
• nàīći pf (“to come across, appear”)
• òbīći pf (“to circle, visit, rummage”)
• òtīći pf (“to leave, depart”)
• pȏći pf (“to go, start”)
• pòdīći pf (“to raise, lift, build”)
• prȇći, prijȇći pf (“to cross”)
• prȋći pf (“to approach”)
• prȏći pf (“to pass through, go along”)
• ràzīći pf (“to split”)
• sȋći pf (“to descend”)
• úći pf (“to go in”)
• ùnīći pf
• ùzīći pf (“to go up”)
• zȃći pf (“to go behind, to set (Sun, Moon)”)

 

References

• “ići”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024