hajol

Hungarian

Etymology

First attested in 1372. From the same Proto-Ugric root as hajt (“to bend”) +‎ -ol (frequentative suffix).^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈhɒjol]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ha‧jol
• Rhymes: -ol

Verb

hajol

1. (intransitive) to bend, lean (usually of a person, out of his or her own will)

Usage notes

• As opposed to the reflexive (or rather, middle-voice) meaning of hajlik (“to bend into a curved shape”), hajol is active: “to assume a bent position/posture.”^[2]
• This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, (meg)ér–(meg)érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, hasonul–(meg)hasonlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.

Conjugation

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hajolok	hajolsz	hajol	hajolunk	hajoltok	hajolnak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	hajoltam	hajoltál	hajolt	hajoltunk	hajoltatok	hajoltak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hajolni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	hajolék	hajolál	hajola	hajolánk	hajolátok	hajolának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hajol vala, hajolt vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	hajolandok	hajolandasz	hajoland	hajolandunk	hajolandotok	hajolandanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hajolnék	hajolnál	hajolna	hajolnánk	hajolnátok	hajolnának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hajolt volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hajoljak	hajolj or hajoljál	hajoljon	hajoljunk	hajoljatok	hajoljanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hajolt légyen
Infinitive	hajolni		hajolnom	hajolnod	hajolnia	hajolnunk	hajolnotok	hajolniuk
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	hajolás		hajoló	hajolt	―	hajolva (hajolván)		hajoltat

conjugation of hajol

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hajolhatok	hajolhatsz	hajolhat	hajolhatunk	hajolhattok	hajolhatnak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	hajolhattam	hajolhattál	hajolhatott	hajolhattunk	hajolhattatok	hajolhattak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	hajolhaték	hajolhatál	hajolhata	hajolhatánk	hajolhatátok	hajolhatának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. hajolhat vala, hajolhatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	hajolhatandok or hajolandhatok	hajolhatandasz or hajolandhatsz	hajolhatand or hajolandhat	hajolhatandunk or hajolandhatunk	hajolhatandotok or hajolandhattok	hajolhatandanak or hajolandhatnak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hajolhatnék	hajolhatnál	hajolhatna	hajolhatnánk	hajolhatnátok	hajolhatnának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hajolhatott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hajolhassak	hajolhass or hajolhassál	hajolhasson	hajolhassunk	hajolhassatok	hajolhassanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hajolhatott légyen
Inf.	(hajolhatni)		(hajolhatnom)	(hajolhatnod)	(hajolhatnia)	(hajolhatnunk)	(hajolhatnotok)	(hajolhatniuk)
Positive adjective			―	Neg. adj.	―	Adv. part.	(hajolhatva / hajolhatván)

potential conjugation of hajol

Derived terms

• hajlam
• hajlat
• hajlék
• hajlékony
• hajlik
• hajlít
• hajlong

(With verbal prefixes):

• áthajol
• behajol
• elhajol
• előrehajol
• kihajol
• lehajol
• meghajol
• odahajol
• ráhajol

Related terms

• hajt

References

1. hajol in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
2. Grétsy, László and Gábor Kemény, editors. Nyelvművelő kéziszótár (“Concise Dictionary for Language Cultivation”). Second, revised and extended edition. Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2005. →ISBN

Further reading

• hajol in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN