geir

See also: Geir and géir

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse geirr, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰays- (“pointed stick, spear”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /keiːr/
• Rhymes: -eiːr

  Homophones: Geir

Noun

geir m (genitive singular geirs, nominative plural geirar)

1. spear

Declension

Declension of geir
m-s1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	geir	geirinn	geirar	geirarnir
accusative	geir	geirinn	geira	geirana
dative	geiri / geir	geirnum	geirum	geirunum
genitive	geirs	geirsins	geira	geiranna

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish geir, from Proto-Celtic *gʷerets (whence Welsh gwêr), of uncertain origin; perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“heat”) or *ǵʰwer- (“wild animal”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɟɛɾʲ/

Noun

geir f (genitive singular geire or gearach or geireadh, nominative plural geireacha)

1. tallow, suet

Declension

As second-declension noun:

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative geir geireacha Vocative a gheir a gheireacha Genitive g{{{3}}} geireacha Dative geir geireacha

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an gheir na geireacha Genitive na g{{{3}}} na ngeireacha Dative leis an ngeir don gheir leis na geireacha

Declension of geir

Second declension

As fifth-declension velar stem:

Bare forms (no plural for this noun): Case Singular Nominative geir Vocative a gheir Genitive gearach Dative geir geirigh (archaic, dialectal)

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Nominative an gheir Genitive na gearach Dative leis an ngeir leis an ngeirigh (archaic, dialectal) don gheir don gheirigh (archaic, dialectal)

Declension of geir

Fifth declension

As fifth-declension dental stem (the oldest form):

Bare forms (no plural for this noun): Case Singular Nominative geir Vocative a gheir Genitive geireadh Dative geir geiridh (archaic, dialectal)

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Nominative an gheir Genitive na geireadh Dative leis an ngeir leis an ngeiridh (archaic, dialectal) don gheir don gheiridh (archaic, dialectal)

Declension of geir

Fifth declension

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
geir	gheir	ngeir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gʷered-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 146

Further reading

• “geir”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 geir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “geir”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 359
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “geir”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse geirr, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“throwing spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”). Cognates include Irish ga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɛɪːr/

Noun

geir m (definite singular geiren, indefinite plural geirar, definite plural geirane)

1. (archaic or historical) a spear
2. (fishing) a leister, a kind of fishing spear

   Synonym: lyster

3. (zoology) a small mackerel

   Synonym: pir

Derived terms

• atgeir
• geirfalk
• geirfugl
• geirskaft
• geirsodd
• horngeir

 

Related terms

Male given names:

• Almgeir
• Alvgeir
• Arngeir
• Audgeir
• Bengeir
• Borggeir
• Dalgeir
• Eddgeir
• Falgeir
• Finngeir
• Fjallgeir
• Fridgeir
• Geir
• Geirald, Geiralde
• Geiralv
• Geirbjørn
• Geirbrand
• Geirdjarv
• Geire
• Geirfast
• Geirfinn
• Geirfrød, Geirrød
• Geirhjelm
• Geirkvat
• Geirlak
• Geirleik
• Geirleiv
• Geirljot
• Geirmar
• Geirmund, Geirmunde
• Geirnjot
• Geirolv, Geirulv
• Geirrek, Geirrik
• Geirstein
• Geirtjov
• Geirtor
• Geirtorn
• Geirvald
• Geirvar
• Geirve
• Geirvid
• Hallgeir
• Hergeir
• Holmgeir
• Hungeir
• Jargeir
• Jodgeir
• Jogeir
• Jolgeir
• Mungeir
• Nevgeir
• Oddgeir
• Rodgeir
• Rotgeir
• Rådgeir
• Siggeir
• Styrgeir
• Sundgeir
• Sveingeir
• Tinggeir
• Tjodgeir
• Torgeir
• Ulvgeir
• Vadgeir
• Vegeir
• Vestgeir
• Vilgeir
• Vitgeir
• Åsgeir, Æsgeir, Asgeir

 

Female given names:

• Geira
• Geirbjørg
• Geirdis
• Geirfrid, Geirrid
• Geirheid
• Geirhild
• Geirlaug
• Geirny
• Geirrun
• Geirtora
• Geirtrud
• Geirunn
• Geirvor

 

References

• “geir” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• Geir, grei, regi

Old French

Alternative forms

• gehir, geihir

Etymology

Frankish *jehhjan, from Proto-Germanic *jehaną (“to say, to speak”)

Verb

geïr

1. to admit (to concede to be true)

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a third-group or second-group verb (ending in -ir, without or with an -iss- infix). This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has a stressed present stem gei distinct from the unstressed stem ge. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

		simple			compound
infinitive		geir			aveir geï
gerund		en geant, geïssant			gerund of aveir + past participle
present participle		geant, geïssant
past participle		geï
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	gei, geïs	geis, geïs	geit, geïst	geons, geïssons	geïez, geïssez	geient, geïssent
	imperfect	geeie, geïsseie	geeies, geïsseies	geeit, geïsseit	geïiens, geïens, geïssiiens, geïssiens	geïiez, geïez, geïssiiez, geïssiez	geeient, geïsseient
	preterite	geï	geïs	geï	geïmes	geïstes	geïrent
	future	geïrai	geïras	geïra	geïrons	geïreiz, geïrez	geïront
	conditional	geïreie	geïreies	geïreit	geïriiens, geïriens	geïriiez, geïriez	geïreient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of aveir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of aveir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of aveir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of aveir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of aveir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	geie, geïsse	geies, geïsses	geie, geïsse	geïens, geons, geïssons	geïez, geïssez	geient, geïssent
	imperfect	geïsse	geïsses	geïst	geïssons, geïssiens	geïsseiz, geïssez, geïssiez	geïssent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of aveir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of aveir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	gei, geïs	—	geons, geïssons	geïez, geïssez	—

    Conjugation of geir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

Derived terms

• gehine, geïne

Descendants

• Middle French: gehir

References

• geir on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub

Old Norse

Noun

geir m

1. accusative singular indefinite of geirr

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡei̯r/

Noun

geir

1. Soft mutation of ceir.

Verb

geir

1. Soft mutation of ceir.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
ceir	geir	ngheir	cheir
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.