fresndal

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• fresdel (Würzburg glosses)
• frestal (9th century onwards)

Etymology

From frith- +‎ ind- +‎ -l.

Noun

fresndal n

1. verbal noun of fris·indlea: handling, attendance to
   • c. 808, Félire Oengusso, Epilogue line 113; republished as Whitley Stokes, transl., Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee, Harrison & Sons, 1905:

     Do·ratsat a mbendacht for cach nóen nod·géba, do·rregat dia frestul i n-aimsir at·béla.

     They have bestowed their blessing on everyone who shall sing it; they will come to attend [to] him at the time he will die.

Inflection

Neuter o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	fresndalN	fresndalN	fresndalL, fresndala
vocative	fresndalN	fresndalN	fresndalL, fresndala
accusative	fresndalN	fresndalN	fresndalL, fresndala
genitive	fresndailL	fresndal	fresndalN
dative	fresndulL	fresndalaib	fresndalaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: frestal
  • Irish: freastal
  • Manx: frastyl
  • Scottish Gaelic: freasdal

Mutation

Mutation of fresndal

radical	lenition	nasalization
fresndal	ḟresndal	fresndal pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “frestal”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language