fraus
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English
Noun
fraus
Anagrams
Catalan
Noun
fraus
Latin
Etymology
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”), with an uncertain phonetic development. However see also Sanskrit ध्रुति (dhruti, “deception”), द्रुह्यति (druhyati, “to deceive”) and Younger Avestan 𐬛𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬝 (drāuuaiiāt̰, “will deceive”), which (along with perhaps Proto-Germanic *draumaz (“dream”)) point to Proto-Indo-European *dʰrew-, which would have been extended as *dʰrew-d⁽ʰ⁾- at some point before Latin and also as *dʰrew-gʰ- in PIE times.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈfrau̯s/, [ˈfräu̯s̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈfrau̯s/, [ˈfräu̯s]
Noun
fraus f (genitive fraudis); third declension
- cheating, deceit, deception, fraud, guile, stratagem, trick, treachery, wiles
- Synonyms: dēceptiō, maleficium, perfidia, dolus, stratēgēma, ars
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.675:
- “Mē fraude petēbās?”
- (Literally) “[So, it’s] me [who] you are aiming at with [your] deceit?”
(The emphatic position of “me” conveys Anna’s emotional response to Dido’s impending death. Translations – Mackail, 1885: “Was my summons a snare?”; Knight, 1956: “You planned to deceive me!”; Mandelbaum, 1971: “Did you plan this fraud for me?”; West, 1990: “It was all to deceive your sister!”; Ahl, 2007: “Your fraud had me as its target?”; Bartsch, 2020: “You wanted to trick me?”)
- (Literally) “[So, it’s] me [who] you are aiming at with [your] deceit?”
- “Mē fraude petēbās?”
- delusion, error
- injury, hurt, harm
- Synonyms: damnum, dētrīmentum, incommoditās, calamitās, pauperiēs, maleficium, iniūria, noxa, vulnus
- bad or ill intent
Declension
Third-declension noun.
More information singular, plural ...
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | fraus | fraudēs |
| genitive | fraudis | fraudum fraudium |
| dative | fraudī | fraudibus |
| accusative | fraudem | fraudēs |
| ablative | fraude | fraudibus |
| vocative | fraus | fraudēs |
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Derived terms
- fraudātiō
- fraudātor
- fraudātōrius
- fraudō
- fraudulenter
- fraudulentia
- fraudulentus
- fraudulōsus
- frūstrā
Descendants
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fraus, -dis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 240
Further reading
- “fraus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “fraus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "fraus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “fraud”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 277
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