croire
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Inherited from Old French creire, croire, from Latin crēdere, from Proto-Italic *krezðō, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱred dʰeh₁- (“to place one's heart, i.e. to trust, believe”), compound phrase of oblique case form of *ḱḗr (“heart”) and *dʰeh₁- (“to put, place, set”).
See cognates in regional languages in France : Norman creire, Gallo craire, Picard croère, Bourguignon croire, Franco-Provençal crêre, Occitan creire or créser, Corsican credè.
croire
infinitive | simple | croire | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | croyant /kʁwa.jɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | cru /kʁy/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | crois /kʁwa/ |
crois /kʁwa/ |
croit /kʁwa/ |
croyons /kʁwa.jɔ̃/ |
croyez /kʁwa.je/ |
croient /kʁwa/ |
imperfect | croyais /kʁwa.jɛ/ |
croyais /kʁwa.jɛ/ |
croyait /kʁwa.jɛ/ |
croyions /kʁwaj.jɔ̃/ |
croyiez /kʁwaj.je/ |
croyaient /kʁwa.jɛ/ | |
past historic2 | crus /kʁy/ |
crus /kʁy/ |
crut /kʁy/ |
crûmes /kʁym/ |
crûtes /kʁyt/ |
crurent /kʁyʁ/ | |
future | croirai /kʁwa.ʁe/ |
croiras /kʁwa.ʁa/ |
croira /kʁwa.ʁa/ |
croirons /kʁwa.ʁɔ̃/ |
croirez /kʁwa.ʁe/ |
croiront /kʁwa.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | croirais /kʁwa.ʁɛ/ |
croirais /kʁwa.ʁɛ/ |
croirait /kʁwa.ʁɛ/ |
croirions /kʁwa.ʁjɔ̃/ |
croiriez /kʁwa.ʁje/ |
croiraient /kʁwa.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | croie /kʁwa/ |
croies /kʁwa/ |
croie /kʁwa/ |
croyions /kʁwaj.jɔ̃/ |
croyiez /kʁwaj.je/ |
croient /kʁwa/ |
imperfect2 | crusse /kʁys/ |
crusses /kʁys/ |
crût /kʁy/ |
crussions /kʁy.sjɔ̃/ |
crussiez /kʁy.sje/ |
crussent /kʁys/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | crois /kʁwa/ |
— | croyons /kʁwa.jɔ̃/ |
croyez /kʁwa.je/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
croire
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has a stressed present stem croi distinct from the unstressed stem cre, as well as other irregularities. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | croire | avoir creü | |||||
gerund | en creant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | creant | ||||||
past participle | creü | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | croi | croiz | croit | creons | creez | croient |
imperfect | creoie, creeie | creoies, creeies | creoit, creeit | creïiens, creïens | creïiez, creïez | creoient, creeient | |
preterite | crui, creï | creüs, creïs | crut, creï | creümes, creïmes | creüstes, creïstes | crurent, creïrent | |
future | crerai | creras | crera | crerons | creroiz, crereiz, crerez | creront | |
conditional | creroie, crereie | creroies, crereies | creroit, crereit | creriiens, creriens | creriiez, creriez | creroient, crereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | croie | croies | croie | creons | creez | croient |
imperfect | creüsse, creïsse | creüsses, creïsses | creüst, creïst | creüssons, creüssiens, creïssons, creïssiens | creüssoiz, creüssez, creüssiez, creïssoiz, creïssez, creïssiez | creüssent, creïssent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | croi | — | creons | creez | — |
croire f (plural croiri)