confirmo

See also: confirmó

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [kuɱˈfir.mu]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [kuɱˈfir.mo]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [koɱˈfiɾ.mo]

Verb

confirmo

1. first-person singular present indicative of confirmar

Galician

Verb

confirmo

1. first-person singular present indicative of confirmar

Latin

Etymology

From con- (“with, together”) +‎ firmō (“strengthen, fortify”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /konˈfir.moː/, [kõːˈfɪrmoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /konˈfir.mo/, [koɱˈfirmo]

Verb

cōnfirmō (present infinitive cōnfirmāre, perfect active cōnfirmāvī, supine cōnfirmātum); first conjugation

1. to make firm, establish, re-establish, strengthen, fortify, mature, confirm

   Synonyms: firmō, mūniō, fortificō, cōnsolidō, immunīo, sistō

   Antonyms: dēterō, atterō, effēminō, minuō, frangō, tenuō, afficiō

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.15.22:

     Dissipantur cōgitātiōnēs ubi nōn est cōnsilium: ubi vērō plūrēs sunt cōnsiliāriī, cōnfirmantur.

     Designs are brought to nothing where there is no counsel: but where there are many counsellors, they are established.
     (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)

2. to encourage, animate, embolden; persuade

   Synonym: firmō

   Antonyms: deficiō, prōflīgō, dēfatīgō

3. (by extension) to demonstrate, corroborate, support, prove or confirm the truth of something; assert, affirm

Conjugation

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cōnfirmō	cōnfirmās	cōnfirmat	cōnfirmāmus	cōnfirmātis	cōnfirmant
	imperfect	cōnfirmābam	cōnfirmābās	cōnfirmābat	cōnfirmābāmus	cōnfirmābātis	cōnfirmābant
	future	cōnfirmābō	cōnfirmābis	cōnfirmābit	cōnfirmābimus	cōnfirmābitis	cōnfirmābunt
	perfect	cōnfirmāvī	cōnfirmāvistī, cōnfirmāstī1	cōnfirmāvit, cōnfirmāt1	cōnfirmāvimus, cōnfirmāmus1	cōnfirmāvistis, cōnfirmāstis1	cōnfirmāvērunt, cōnfirmārunt, cōnfirmāvēre1
	pluperfect	cōnfirmāveram, cōnfirmāram1	cōnfirmāverās, cōnfirmārās1	cōnfirmāverat, cōnfirmārat1	cōnfirmāverāmus, cōnfirmārāmus1	cōnfirmāverātis, cōnfirmārātis1	cōnfirmāverant, cōnfirmārant1
	future perfect	cōnfirmāverō, cōnfirmārō1	cōnfirmāveris, cōnfirmāris1	cōnfirmāverit, cōnfirmārit1	cōnfirmāverimus, cōnfirmārimus1	cōnfirmāveritis, cōnfirmāritis1	cōnfirmāverint, cōnfirmārint1
passive	present	cōnfirmor	cōnfirmāris, cōnfirmāre	cōnfirmātur	cōnfirmāmur	cōnfirmāminī	cōnfirmantur
	imperfect	cōnfirmābar	cōnfirmābāris, cōnfirmābāre	cōnfirmābātur	cōnfirmābāmur	cōnfirmābāminī	cōnfirmābantur
	future	cōnfirmābor	cōnfirmāberis, cōnfirmābere	cōnfirmābitur	cōnfirmābimur	cōnfirmābiminī	cōnfirmābuntur
	perfect	cōnfirmātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	cōnfirmātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	cōnfirmātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	cōnfirmem	cōnfirmēs	cōnfirmet	cōnfirmēmus	cōnfirmētis	cōnfirment
	imperfect	cōnfirmārem	cōnfirmārēs	cōnfirmāret	cōnfirmārēmus	cōnfirmārētis	cōnfirmārent
	perfect	cōnfirmāverim, cōnfirmārim1	cōnfirmāverīs, cōnfirmārīs1	cōnfirmāverit, cōnfirmārit1	cōnfirmāverīmus, cōnfirmārīmus1	cōnfirmāverītis, cōnfirmārītis1	cōnfirmāverint, cōnfirmārint1
	pluperfect	cōnfirmāvissem, cōnfirmāssem1	cōnfirmāvissēs, cōnfirmāssēs1	cōnfirmāvisset, cōnfirmāsset1	cōnfirmāvissēmus, cōnfirmāssēmus1	cōnfirmāvissētis, cōnfirmāssētis1	cōnfirmāvissent, cōnfirmāssent1
passive	present	cōnfirmer	cōnfirmēris, cōnfirmēre	cōnfirmētur	cōnfirmēmur	cōnfirmēminī	cōnfirmentur
	imperfect	cōnfirmārer	cōnfirmārēris, cōnfirmārēre	cōnfirmārētur	cōnfirmārēmur	cōnfirmārēminī	cōnfirmārentur
	perfect	cōnfirmātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	cōnfirmātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	cōnfirmā	—	—	cōnfirmāte	—
	future	—	cōnfirmātō	cōnfirmātō	—	cōnfirmātōte	cōnfirmantō
passive	present	—	cōnfirmāre	—	—	cōnfirmāminī	—
	future	—	cōnfirmātor	cōnfirmātor	—	—	cōnfirmantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		cōnfirmāre	cōnfirmāvisse, cōnfirmāsse1	cōnfirmātūrum esse	cōnfirmārī	cōnfirmātum esse	cōnfirmātum īrī
participles		cōnfirmāns	—	cōnfirmātūrus	—	cōnfirmātus	cōnfirmandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		cōnfirmandī	cōnfirmandō	cōnfirmandum	cōnfirmandō	cōnfirmātum	cōnfirmātū

   Conjugation of cōnfirmō (first conjugation)

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

• cōnfirmātē
• cōnfirmātiō
• cōnfirmātīvus
• cōnfirmātor
• cōnfirmātus

Related terms

• affirmō
• circumfirmō
• cōnfirmātīvē
• cōnfirmātrīx
• firmō
• īnfirmō
• offirmō

Descendants

• Catalan: confirmar
• English: confirm
• French: confirmer
• Friulian: confermâ
• Galician: confirmar
• Italian: confermare
• Lombard: confermà
• Norman: confirmer (Jersey)
• Occitan: confirmar
• Piedmontese: confermé
• Portuguese: confirmar
• Romanian: confirma
• Spanish: confirmar

References

• “confirmo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “confirmo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• confirmo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to quote precedents for a thing: aliquid exemplis probare, comprobare, confirmare
    
  • to prove a thing indisputably: argumentis confirmare, comprobare, evincere aliquid (or c. Acc. c. Inf.)
    
  • to strengthen, confirm a person's courage: animum alicuius confirmare
    
  • to strengthen a person in his hopes: spem alicuius confirmare
    
  • to weaken, destroy a man's credit: fidem alicuius imminuere, infirmare (opp. confirmare)
    
  • to encourage, embolden the soldiery: animos militum confirmare (B. G. 5. 49)
    

Portuguese

Verb

confirmo

1. first-person singular present indicative of confirmar

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /konˈfiɾmo/ [kõɱˈfiɾ.mo]
• Rhymes: -iɾmo
• Syllabification: con‧fir‧mo

Verb

confirmo

1. first-person singular present indicative of confirmar