affirmo

Latin

Alternative forms

• adfirmō

Etymology

From ad- (“to, towards, at”) +‎ firmō (“strengthen, fortify”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /afˈfir.moː/, [äfˈfɪrmoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /afˈfir.mo/, [äfˈfirmo]

Verb

affirmō (present infinitive affirmāre, perfect active affirmāvī, supine affirmātum); first conjugation

1. to present (something) as fixed, firm, or true; affirm, assert, maintain

   Synonyms: firmō, contendō, aiō, arguō, fīgō

2. to strengthen, confirm, corroborate
3. (figurative) to make clear

Conjugation

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	affirmō	affirmās	affirmat	affirmāmus	affirmātis	affirmant
	imperfect	affirmābam	affirmābās	affirmābat	affirmābāmus	affirmābātis	affirmābant
	future	affirmābō	affirmābis	affirmābit	affirmābimus	affirmābitis	affirmābunt
	perfect	affirmāvī	affirmāvistī	affirmāvit	affirmāvimus	affirmāvistis	affirmāvērunt, affirmāvēre
	pluperfect	affirmāveram	affirmāverās	affirmāverat	affirmāverāmus	affirmāverātis	affirmāverant
	future perfect	affirmāverō	affirmāveris	affirmāverit	affirmāverimus	affirmāveritis	affirmāverint
passive	present	affirmor	affirmāris, affirmāre	affirmātur	affirmāmur	affirmāminī	affirmantur
	imperfect	affirmābar	affirmābāris, affirmābāre	affirmābātur	affirmābāmur	affirmābāminī	affirmābantur
	future	affirmābor	affirmāberis, affirmābere	affirmābitur	affirmābimur	affirmābiminī	affirmābuntur
	perfect	affirmātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	affirmātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	affirmātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	affirmem	affirmēs	affirmet	affirmēmus	affirmētis	affirment
	imperfect	affirmārem	affirmārēs	affirmāret	affirmārēmus	affirmārētis	affirmārent
	perfect	affirmāverim	affirmāverīs	affirmāverit	affirmāverīmus	affirmāverītis	affirmāverint
	pluperfect	affirmāvissem	affirmāvissēs	affirmāvisset	affirmāvissēmus	affirmāvissētis	affirmāvissent
passive	present	affirmer	affirmēris, affirmēre	affirmētur	affirmēmur	affirmēminī	affirmentur
	imperfect	affirmārer	affirmārēris, affirmārēre	affirmārētur	affirmārēmur	affirmārēminī	affirmārentur
	perfect	affirmātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	affirmātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	affirmā	—	—	affirmāte	—
	future	—	affirmātō	affirmātō	—	affirmātōte	affirmantō
passive	present	—	affirmāre	—	—	affirmāminī	—
	future	—	affirmātor	affirmātor	—	—	affirmantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		affirmāre	affirmāvisse	affirmātūrum esse	affirmārī	affirmātum esse	affirmātum īrī
participles		affirmāns	—	affirmātūrus	—	affirmātus	affirmandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		affirmandī	affirmandō	affirmandum	affirmandō	affirmātum	affirmātū

   Conjugation of affirmō (first conjugation)

Derived terms

• affirmanter
• affirmātē
• affirmātiō
• affirmātīvus
• affirmātor

Descendants

• Asturian: afirmar
• Catalan: afirmar
• English: affirm
• French: affirmer
• Galician: afirmar
• Italian: affermare
• Portuguese: afirmar
• Romanian: afirma
• Spanish: afirmar

References

• “affirmo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• affirmo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • this much I can vouch for: illud pro certo affirmare licet
    
• affirmo in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Portuguese

Verb

affirmo

1. first-person singular present indicative of affirmar