cog
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Audio (Southern England): | (file) |
From Middle English cogge, from Old Norse [Term?] (compare Norwegian kugg (“cog”), Swedish kugg, kugge (“cog, tooth”)), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare Dutch kogge (“cogboat”), German Kock), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”).
The meaning of “cog” in carpentry derives from association with a tooth on a cogwheel.
cog (plural cogs)
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cog (third-person singular simple present cogs, present participle cogging, simple past and past participle cogged)
From Middle English cogge, from Middle Dutch kogge, cogghe (modern kogge), from Proto-Germanic *kuggō (compare German Kock (“cogboat”), Norwegian kugg (“cog (gear tooth)”)), from Proto-Indo-European *gugā (“hump, ball”) (compare Lithuanian gugà (“pommel, hump, hill”)), from *gēw- (“to bend, arch”). See etymology 1 above.
cog (plural cogs)
Uncertain. Both verb and noun appear first in 1532.
cog (plural cogs)
cog (third-person singular simple present cogs, present participle cogging, simple past and past participle cogged)
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cog (plural cogs)
Back-formation from cogadh (“war”).
cog (present analytic cogann, future analytic cogfaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogtha)
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
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first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | cogaim | cogann tú; cogair† |
cogann sé, sí | cogaimid | cogann sibh | cogann siad; cogaid† |
a chogann; a chogas / a gcogann*; a gcogas* |
cogtar |
past | chog mé; chogas | chog tú; chogais | chog sé, sí | chogamar; chog muid | chog sibh; chogabhair | chog siad; chogadar | a chog / ar chog* |
cogadh | |
past habitual | chogainn / gcogainn‡‡ | chogtá / gcogtᇇ | chogadh sé, sí / gcogadh sé, s퇇 | chogaimis; chogadh muid / gcogaimis‡‡; gcogadh muid‡‡ | chogadh sibh / gcogadh sibh‡‡ | chogaidís; chogadh siad / gcogaidís‡‡; gcogadh siad‡‡ | a chogadh / a gcogadh* |
chogtaí / gcogta퇇 | |
future | cogfaidh mé; cogfad |
cogfaidh tú; cogfair† |
cogfaidh sé, sí | cogfaimid; cogfaidh muid |
cogfaidh sibh | cogfaidh siad; cogfaid† |
a chogfaidh; a chogfas / a gcogfaidh*; a gcogfas* |
cogfar | |
conditional | chogfainn / gcogfainn‡‡ | chogfá / gcogfᇇ | chogfadh sé, sí / gcogfadh sé, s퇇 | chogfaimis; chogfadh muid / gcogfaimis‡‡; gcogfadh muid‡‡ | chogfadh sibh / gcogfadh sibh‡‡ | chogfaidís; chogfadh siad / gcogfaidís‡‡; gcogfadh siad‡‡ | a chogfadh / a gcogfadh* |
chogfaí / gcogfa퇇 | |
subjunctive | present | go gcoga mé; go gcogad† |
go gcoga tú; go gcogair† |
go gcoga sé, sí | go gcogaimid; go gcoga muid |
go gcoga sibh | go gcoga siad; go gcogaid† |
— | go gcogtar |
past | dá gcogainn | dá gcogtá | dá gcogadh sé, sí | dá gcogaimis; dá gcogadh muid |
dá gcogadh sibh | dá gcogaidís; dá gcogadh siad |
— | dá gcogtaí | |
imperative | cogaim | cog | cogadh sé, sí | cogaimis | cogaigí; cogaidh† |
cogaidís | — | cogtar | |
verbal noun | cogadh | ||||||||
past participle | cogtha |
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
cog | chog | gcog |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
From Old French cogue, itself from Middle Dutch kogge.
cog
Back-formation from cogadh (“war, fighting”).
cog (past chog, future cogaidh, verbal noun cogadh, past participle cogte)
From Middle Welsh coc, from Proto-Brythonic *kog, ultimately imitative, similar to Old High German kā (“crow, jackdaw”), Middle Low German kâ (“crow, jackdaw”).
cog f (plural cogau)
From Middle Welsh coc, from Proto-Brythonic *kog, from Latin coquus.
cog m (plural cogau or cygod)