clais

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish clas.^[1]

Pronunciation

• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /klˠæʃ/, /kl̪ˠæʃ/^[2]

Noun

clais f (genitive singular claise, nominative plural claiseanna)

1. groove, rut
2. furrow
3. ditch, trench

   Synonyms: díog, trinse

4. drain

   Synonym: draein

5. gutter
6. channel

Declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative clais claiseanna Vocative a chlais a chlaiseanna Genitive claise claiseanna Dative clais claiseanna

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an chlais na claiseanna Genitive na claise na gclaiseanna Dative leis an gclais don chlais leis na claiseanna

Declension of clais

Second declension

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
clais	chlais	gclais
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

1. Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “clas”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
2. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 353, page 121

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “clais”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “clais”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 144
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “clais”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “clais”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish clas.^[1]

Noun

clais f (genitive singular claise, plural claisean)

1. groove, rut
2. furrow
3. ditch, trench
4. drain
5. gutter
6. channel

Derived terms

• sruth-chlais (“canal”)

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
clais	chlais
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

1. Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “clas”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 clas”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Welsh

Etymology

Compare Old Irish clas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /klai̯s/
  • (South Wales, colloquial also) IPA^(key): /klai̯ʃ/
• Rhymes: -ai̯s

Noun

clais m (plural cleisau or cleisiau)

1. bruise, contusion, weal

   Synonym: briw

   1. break, streak (esp. of day or dawn)
   2. lividly coloured spot
   3. streakiness (of marble)
2. groove, rut, fissure

   Synonyms: agen, rhigol, rhych

   1. ditch, trench, rivulet

      Synonyms: ffos, ffrwd, nant

   2. lee (side of a ship or mountain sheltered from the wind)
3. (botany) One of several flowering plants, including:
   1. field scabious
   2. Devil’s bit scabious
   3. clary
   4. dandelion

Derived terms

• clais dwbl (“garden clary”)
• clais Mair (“wild clary”)
• clais moch (“garden clary”)
• clais y dydd (“break of day”)
• clais y wawr (“break of dawn”)
• clais yr hydd (“Dog's Mercury”)
• goglais (“tickle”)

 

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
clais	glais	nghlais	chlais
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “clais”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies