chama
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
English
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
chama (plural chamas)
- (East Africa, chiefly Kenya) Any of several types of informal cooperative society.
Anagrams
Galician
Etymology 1
From Old Galician-Portuguese chama (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin flamma (“flame”). Cognate with Portuguese chama, Spanish llama, Sicilian ciamma.
Pronunciation
Noun
chama f (plural chamas)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Verb
chama
- inflection of chamar:
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “chama”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “chama”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “chama”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “chama”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “chama”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Garo
Verb
chama
- to distribute among individuals
Irish
Pronunciation
Adjective
chama
Latin
Etymology 1
Variant form of chēma, from Ancient Greek χήμη (khḗmē).
Noun
chāma f (genitive chāmae); first declension
Declension
First-declension noun.
Etymology 2
Unknown. Used by Pliny the Elder in Naturalis Historia.
Noun
chama n (genitive chamatis); third declension
- lynx
- (Can we date this quote?), Plinius, Naturalis Historia, liber I. In: Pliny Natural History with an English translation by H. Rackham, vol. I, 1961, p. 40–43:
- Libro VIII. continentur: [...] (xxvi-xxx) De camelis; genera eorum. de camelopardali; quando primimi Romae visa. de chamate. de cephis, de rhinocerote. de lynce et sphingibus. de crocottis. de cercopithecis.
- Book VIII. Contents: [...] (xxvi-xxx) Camels; their kinds. The giraffe; when first seen at Rome. The spotted lynx. The cephi. The rhinoceros. The lynx and the sphynxes. The crocottae.b The long-tailed monkeys.
b Perhaps the hyena.
- Book VIII. Contents: [...] (xxvi-xxx) Camels; their kinds. The giraffe; when first seen at Rome. The spotted lynx. The cephi. The rhinoceros. The lynx and the sphynxes. The crocottae.b The long-tailed monkeys.
- (Can we date this quote?), Plinius, Naturalis Historia, liber I. In: Pliny Natural History with an English translation by H. Rackham, vol. I, 1961, p. 40–43:
Declension
Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).
Further reading
- “chama”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- "chama", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- chama in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Old Irish
Adjective
chama
Portuguese
Alternative forms
- chamma (pre-reform spelling)
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ɐmɐ
- Hyphenation: cha‧ma
Etymology 1
From Old Galician-Portuguese chama, from Latin flamma, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰlē- (“to shimmer, gleam, shine”). Cognate with Galician chama, and Spanish llama. Doublet of flama.
Noun
chama f (plural chamas)
- flame (visible part of fire)
- Synonym: flama
- (figurative) flame (great zeal or passion)
- Synonym: ardor
Derived terms
See also
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
chama
- inflection of chamar:
Spanish
Pronunciation
Noun
chama m (plural chamas)
Further reading
- “chama”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
Swahili
Pronunciation
Noun
chama class VII (plural vyama class VIII)
- organization, society
- union
- party (a political party)
- club
Derived terms
Xhosa
Etymology
Verb
-chama
- (intransitive) to urinate
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Etymology
Verb
-chama
- (intransitive) to urinate
Inflection
positive | negative | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | ukuchama | ukungachami | ||||
imperative | ||||||
simple | + object concord | |||||
singular | chama | -chame | ||||
plural | chamani | -chameni | ||||
present | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngiyachama, ngichama | engichamayo, engichama | ngichama | angichami | engingachami | ngingachami |
2nd singular | uyachama, uchama | ochamayo, ochama | uchama | awuchami | ongachami | ungachami |
1st plural | siyachama, sichama | esichamayo, esichama | sichama | asichami | esingachami | singachami |
2nd plural | niyachama, nichama | enichamayo, enichama | nichama | anichami | eningachami | ningachami |
class 1 | uyachama, uchama | ochamayo, ochama | echama | akachami | ongachami | engachami |
class 2 | bayachama, bachama | abachamayo, abachama | bechama | abachami | abangachami | bengachami |
class 3 | uyachama, uchama | ochamayo, ochama | uchama | awuchami | ongachami | ungachami |
class 4 | iyachama, ichama | echamayo, echama | ichama | ayichami | engachami | ingachami |
class 5 | liyachama, lichama | elichamayo, elichama | lichama | alichami | elingachami | lingachami |
class 6 | ayachama, achama | achamayo, achama | echama | awachami | angachami | engachami |
class 7 | siyachama, sichama | esichamayo, esichama | sichama | asichami | esingachami | singachami |
class 8 | ziyachama, zichama | ezichamayo, ezichama | zichama | azichami | ezingachami | zingachami |
class 9 | iyachama, ichama | echamayo, echama | ichama | ayichami | engachami | ingachami |
class 10 | ziyachama, zichama | ezichamayo, ezichama | zichama | azichami | ezingachami | zingachami |
class 11 | luyachama, luchama | oluchamayo, oluchama | luchama | aluchami | olungachami | lungachami |
class 14 | buyachama, buchama | obuchamayo, obuchama | buchama | abuchami | obungachami | bungachami |
class 15 | kuyachama, kuchama | okuchamayo, okuchama | kuchama | akuchami | okungachami | kungachami |
class 17 | kuyachama, kuchama | okuchamayo, okuchama | kuchama | akuchami | okungachami | kungachami |
recent past | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngichamile, ngichamē | engichamile, engichamē | ngichamile, ngichamē | angichamanga | engingachamanga | ngingachamanga |
2nd singular | uchamile, uchamē | ochamile, ochamē | uchamile, uchamē | awuchamanga | ongachamanga | ungachamanga |
1st plural | sichamile, sichamē | esichamile, esichamē | sichamile, sichamē | asichamanga | esingachamanga | singachamanga |
2nd plural | nichamile, nichamē | enichamile, enichamē | nichamile, nichamē | anichamanga | eningachamanga | ningachamanga |
class 1 | uchamile, uchamē | ochamile, ochamē | echamile, echamē | akachamanga | ongachamanga | engachamanga |
class 2 | bachamile, bachamē | abachamile, abachamē | bechamile, bechamē | abachamanga | abangachamanga | bengachamanga |
class 3 | uchamile, uchamē | ochamile, ochamē | uchamile, uchamē | awuchamanga | ongachamanga | ungachamanga |
class 4 | ichamile, ichamē | echamile, echamē | ichamile, ichamē | ayichamanga | engachamanga | ingachamanga |
class 5 | lichamile, lichamē | elichamile, elichamē | lichamile, lichamē | alichamanga | elingachamanga | lingachamanga |
class 6 | achamile, achamē | achamile, achamē | echamile, echamē | awachamanga | angachamanga | engachamanga |
class 7 | sichamile, sichamē | esichamile, esichamē | sichamile, sichamē | asichamanga | esingachamanga | singachamanga |
class 8 | zichamile, zichamē | ezichamile, ezichamē | zichamile, zichamē | azichamanga | ezingachamanga | zingachamanga |
class 9 | ichamile, ichamē | echamile, echamē | ichamile, ichamē | ayichamanga | engachamanga | ingachamanga |
class 10 | zichamile, zichamē | ezichamile, ezichamē | zichamile, zichamē | azichamanga | ezingachamanga | zingachamanga |
class 11 | luchamile, luchamē | oluchamile, oluchamē | luchamile, luchamē | aluchamanga | olungachamanga | lungachamanga |
class 14 | buchamile, buchamē | obuchamile, obuchamē | buchamile, buchamē | abuchamanga | obungachamanga | bungachamanga |
class 15 | kuchamile, kuchamē | okuchamile, okuchamē | kuchamile, kuchamē | akuchamanga | okungachamanga | kungachamanga |
class 17 | kuchamile, kuchamē | okuchamile, okuchamē | kuchamile, kuchamē | akuchamanga | okungachamanga | kungachamanga |
remote past | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngāchama | engāchama | ngāchama | angichamanga | engingachamanga | ngingachamanga |
2nd singular | wāchama | owāchama | wāchama | awuchamanga | ongachamanga | ungachamanga |
1st plural | sāchama | esāchama | sāchama | asichamanga | esingachamanga | singachamanga |
2nd plural | nāchama | enāchama | nāchama | anichamanga | eningachamanga | ningachamanga |
class 1 | wāchama | owāchama | āchama | akachamanga | ongachamanga | engachamanga |
class 2 | bāchama | abāchama | bāchama | abachamanga | abangachamanga | bengachamanga |
class 3 | wāchama | owāchama | wāchama | awuchamanga | ongachamanga | ungachamanga |
class 4 | yāchama | eyāchama | yāchama | ayichamanga | engachamanga | ingachamanga |
class 5 | lāchama | elāchama | lāchama | alichamanga | elingachamanga | lingachamanga |
class 6 | āchama | āchama | āchama | awachamanga | angachamanga | engachamanga |
class 7 | sāchama | esāchama | sāchama | asichamanga | esingachamanga | singachamanga |
class 8 | zāchama | ezāchama | zāchama | azichamanga | ezingachamanga | zingachamanga |
class 9 | yāchama | eyāchama | yāchama | ayichamanga | engachamanga | ingachamanga |
class 10 | zāchama | ezāchama | zāchama | azichamanga | ezingachamanga | zingachamanga |
class 11 | lwāchama | olwāchama | lwāchama | aluchamanga | olungachamanga | lungachamanga |
class 14 | bāchama | obāchama | bāchama | abuchamanga | obungachamanga | bungachamanga |
class 15 | kwāchama | okwāchama | kwāchama | akuchamanga | okungachamanga | kungachamanga |
class 17 | kwāchama | okwāchama | kwāchama | akuchamanga | okungachamanga | kungachamanga |
potential | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngingachama | — | ngingachama | ngingechame | — | ngingechame |
2nd singular | ungachama | — | ungachama | ungechame | — | ungechame |
1st plural | singachama | — | singachama | singechame | — | singechame |
2nd plural | ningachama | — | ningachama | ningechame | — | ningechame |
class 1 | angachama | — | engachama | angechame | — | engechame |
class 2 | bangachama | — | bengachama | bangechame | — | bengechame |
class 3 | ungachama | — | ungachama | ungechame | — | ungechame |
class 4 | ingachama | — | ingachama | ingechame | — | ingechame |
class 5 | lingachama | — | lingachama | lingechame | — | lingechame |
class 6 | angachama | — | engachama | angechame | — | engechame |
class 7 | singachama | — | singachama | singechame | — | singechame |
class 8 | zingachama | — | zingachama | zingechame | — | zingechame |
class 9 | ingachama | — | ingachama | ingechame | — | ingechame |
class 10 | zingachama | — | zingachama | zingechame | — | zingechame |
class 11 | lungachama | — | lungachama | lungechame | — | lungechame |
class 14 | bungachama | — | bungachama | bungechame | — | bungechame |
class 15 | kungachama | — | kungachama | kungechame | — | kungechame |
class 17 | kungachama | — | kungachama | kungechame | — | kungechame |
immediate future | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngizochama | engizochama | ngizochama | angizuchama | engingezuchama | ngingezuchama |
2nd singular | uzochama | ozochama | uzochama | awuzuchama | ongezuchama | ungezuchama |
1st plural | sizochama | esizochama | sizochama | asizuchama | esingezuchama | singezuchama |
2nd plural | nizochama | enizochama | nizochama | anizuchama | eningezuchama | ningezuchama |
class 1 | uzochama | ozochama | ezochama | akazuchama | ongezuchama | engezuchama |
class 2 | bazochama | abazochama | bezochama | abazuchama | abangezuchama | bengezuchama |
class 3 | uzochama | ozochama | uzochama | awuzuchama | ongezuchama | ungezuchama |
class 4 | izochama | ezochama | izochama | ayizuchama | engezuchama | ingezuchama |
class 5 | lizochama | elizochama | lizochama | alizuchama | elingezuchama | lingezuchama |
class 6 | azochama | azochama | ezochama | awazuchama | angezuchama | engezuchama |
class 7 | sizochama | esizochama | sizochama | asizuchama | esingezuchama | singezuchama |
class 8 | zizochama | ezizochama | zizochama | azizuchama | ezingezuchama | zingezuchama |
class 9 | izochama | ezochama | izochama | ayizuchama | engezuchama | ingezuchama |
class 10 | zizochama | ezizochama | zizochama | azizuchama | ezingezuchama | zingezuchama |
class 11 | luzochama | oluzochama | luzochama | aluzuchama | olungezuchama | lungezuchama |
class 14 | buzochama | obuzochama | buzochama | abuzuchama | obungezuchama | bungezuchama |
class 15 | kuzochama | okuzochama | kuzochama | akuzuchama | okungezuchama | kungezuchama |
class 17 | kuzochama | okuzochama | kuzochama | akuzuchama | okungezuchama | kungezuchama |
remote future | ||||||
positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
1st singular | ngiyochama | engiyochama | ngiyochama | angiyuchama | engingeyuchama | ngingeyuchama |
2nd singular | uyochama | oyochama | uyochama | awuyuchama | ongeyuchama | ungeyuchama |
1st plural | siyochama | esiyochama | siyochama | asiyuchama | esingeyuchama | singeyuchama |
2nd plural | niyochama | eniyochama | niyochama | aniyuchama | eningeyuchama | ningeyuchama |
class 1 | uyochama | oyochama | eyochama | akayuchama | ongeyuchama | engeyuchama |
class 2 | bayochama | abayochama | beyochama | abayuchama | abangeyuchama | bengeyuchama |
class 3 | uyochama | oyochama | uyochama | awuyuchama | ongeyuchama | ungeyuchama |
class 4 | iyochama | eyochama | iyochama | ayiyuchama | engeyuchama | ingeyuchama |
class 5 | liyochama | eliyochama | liyochama | aliyuchama | elingeyuchama | lingeyuchama |
class 6 | ayochama | ayochama | eyochama | awayuchama | angeyuchama | engeyuchama |
class 7 | siyochama | esiyochama | siyochama | asiyuchama | esingeyuchama | singeyuchama |
class 8 | ziyochama | eziyochama | ziyochama | aziyuchama | ezingeyuchama | zingeyuchama |
class 9 | iyochama | eyochama | iyochama | ayiyuchama | engeyuchama | ingeyuchama |
class 10 | ziyochama | eziyochama | ziyochama | aziyuchama | ezingeyuchama | zingeyuchama |
class 11 | luyochama | oluyochama | luyochama | aluyuchama | olungeyuchama | lungeyuchama |
class 14 | buyochama | obuyochama | buyochama | abuyuchama | obungeyuchama | bungeyuchama |
class 15 | kuyochama | okuyochama | kuyochama | akuyuchama | okungeyuchama | kungeyuchama |
class 17 | kuyochama | okuyochama | kuyochama | akuyuchama | okungeyuchama | kungeyuchama |
present subjunctive | ||||||
positive | negative | |||||
1st singular | ngichame | ngingachami | ||||
2nd singular | uchame | ungachami | ||||
1st plural | sichame | singachami | ||||
2nd plural | nichame | ningachami | ||||
class 1 | achame | angachami | ||||
class 2 | bachame | bangachami | ||||
class 3 | uchame | ungachami | ||||
class 4 | ichame | ingachami | ||||
class 5 | lichame | lingachami | ||||
class 6 | achame | angachami | ||||
class 7 | sichame | singachami | ||||
class 8 | zichame | zingachami | ||||
class 9 | ichame | ingachami | ||||
class 10 | zichame | zingachami | ||||
class 11 | luchame | lungachami | ||||
class 14 | buchame | bungachami | ||||
class 15 | kuchame | kungachami | ||||
class 17 | kuchame | kungachami | ||||
past subjunctive | ||||||
positive | negative | |||||
1st singular | ngachama | ngangachama, angachama, angangachama | ||||
2nd singular | wachama | wangachama, awachama, awangachama | ||||
1st plural | sachama | sangachama, asachama, asangachama | ||||
2nd plural | nachama | nangachama, anachama, anangachama | ||||
class 1 | wachama | wangachama, akachama, akangachama | ||||
class 2 | bachama | bangachama, abachama, abangachama | ||||
class 3 | wachama | wangachama, awachama, awangachama | ||||
class 4 | yachama | yangachama, ayachama, ayangachama | ||||
class 5 | lachama | langachama, alachama, alangachama | ||||
class 6 | achama | angachama, awachama, awangachama | ||||
class 7 | sachama | sangachama, asachama, asangachama | ||||
class 8 | zachama | zangachama, azachama, azangachama | ||||
class 9 | yachama | yangachama, ayachama, ayangachama | ||||
class 10 | zachama | zangachama, azachama, azangachama | ||||
class 11 | lwachama | lwangachama, alwachama, alwangachama | ||||
class 14 | bachama | bangachama, abachama, abangachama | ||||
class 15 | kwachama | kwangachama, akwachama, akwangachama | ||||
class 17 | kwachama | kwangachama, akwachama, akwangachama |
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “chama”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “chama (6.3)”
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