careo

See also: careó

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *kazēō, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱes- (“to cut”).

De Vaan rejects the etymology from *ḱes-, finding it too semantically difficult to reconcile the stative ending -ēre, 'to lack, be lacking', and a stative Indo-European 'to be cutting something'. He mentions a 2000 paper by George Dunkel linking the derived castīgō to Sanskrit शास्ति (śāsti, “to teach, correct”), but rejects this too as other words in the word family seem to stem from 'be lacking, pure'.

Noteworthy is the same development in the Portuguese use of precisar (in passive meaning equivalent to carecer, from this careō), derived from preciso, from Latin praecīsus (“cut, shortened”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈka.re.oː/, [ˈkäreoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈka.re.o/, [ˈkäːreo]

Verb

careō (present infinitive carēre, perfect active caruī, supine caritum); second conjugation

1. to lack, be without. (usually with ablative), to be deprived of

   Synonyms: dēsum, egeō, indigeō, dēlinquō, deficiō, cessō, perdō

   Antonyms: flōreō, niteō, abundō, affluō

   Sī versūs hōrum duōrum poētārum neglegētis, magnā parte litterārum carēbitis.

   If you neglect the verses of these two poets, you will miss a great part of literature.

   Imperātor mīlitibus proeliō caruit.

   The general was without soldiers for the battle.

   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.17:

     Usque eo ut complures dies frumento milites caruerint

     to the degree that the soldiers were without corn

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.432:

     “[...] nec pulchrō ut Latiō careat rēgnumque relinquat [...].”

     “[...] nor that he would lose fair Latium and be deprived of his realm [...].”

2. to be separated from

Usage notes

• Always used with the ablative of separation.

Conjugation

Conjugation of careō (second conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	careō	carēs	caret	carēmus	carētis	carent
	imperfect	carēbam	carēbās	carēbat	carēbāmus	carēbātis	carēbant
	future	carēbō	carēbis	carēbit	carēbimus	carēbitis	carēbunt
	perfect	caruī	caruistī	caruit	caruimus	caruistis	caruērunt, caruēre
	pluperfect	carueram	caruerās	caruerat	caruerāmus	caruerātis	caruerant
	future perfect	caruerō	carueris	caruerit	caruerimus	carueritis	caruerint
passive	present	careor	carēris, carēre	carētur	carēmur	carēminī	carentur
	imperfect	carēbar	carēbāris, carēbāre	carēbātur	carēbāmur	carēbāminī	carēbantur
	future	carēbor	carēberis, carēbere	carēbitur	carēbimur	carēbiminī	carēbuntur
	perfect	caritus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	caritus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	caritus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	caream	careās	careat	careāmus	careātis	careant
	imperfect	carērem	carērēs	carēret	carērēmus	carērētis	carērent
	perfect	caruerim	caruerīs	caruerit	caruerīmus	caruerītis	caruerint
	pluperfect	caruissem	caruissēs	caruisset	caruissēmus	caruissētis	caruissent
passive	present	carear	careāris, careāre	careātur	careāmur	careāminī	careantur
	imperfect	carērer	carērēris, carērēre	carērētur	carērēmur	carērēminī	carērentur
	perfect	caritus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	caritus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	carē	—	—	carēte	—
	future	—	carētō	carētō	—	carētōte	carentō
passive	present	—	carēre	—	—	carēminī	—
	future	—	carētor	carētor	—	—	carentor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		carēre	caruisse	caritūrum esse	carērī	caritum esse	caritum īrī
participles		carēns	—	caritūrus	—	caritus	carendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		carendī	carendō	carendum	carendō	caritum	caritū

Derived terms

• carians
• cariceus
• cariēs

Related terms

• cassus
• castrō
• castus

Descendants

• → English: caret, caritive
• → French: carence
• → Ido: karear
• Portuguese: carecer
• Spanish: carecer
• Spanish: carencia

References

• “careo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “careo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• careo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • not to possess the sense of hearing: sensu audiendi carere
    
  • to be deprived of the rites of burial: sepulturae honore carere
    
  • to be deprived of the rites of burial: iustis exsequiarum carere
    
  • the word carere means..: vox, nomen carendi or simply carere hoc significat (Tusc. 1. 36. 88)
    
  • to be free from faults: omni vitio carere
    
  • to never appear in public: publico carere, se abstinere
    
  • to shun publicity: publico carere, forum ac lucem fugere
    
  • to shun publicity: forensi luce carere
    
  • to be in exile: patria carere
    
  • to be free from blame: culpa carere, vacare
    
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “careō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 92-93
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 586

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kaˈɾeo/ [kaˈɾe.o]
• Rhymes: -eo
• Syllabification: ca‧re‧o

Etymology 1

Deverbal from carear.

Noun

careo m (plural careos)

1. face-to-face meeting

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

careo

1. first-person singular present indicative of carear

Further reading

• “careo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014