briser
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Noun
briser c
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French briser, from Old French brisier (“to break to pieces by a shock or violent blow, bust”), from Late Latin brisāre. Of unknown further origin:
- Possibly of Celtic origin, from Transalpine Gaulish; compare Old Irish brisid, from Proto-Celtic *brestā (“fight”).
- Or of Germanic origin, from Frankish *bristijan, *bristan (“to break, split, shatter”), from Proto-Germanic *brestaną (“to break, burst”); compare English burst.
In either case, both of the above are considered to be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrest- (“to separate, burst”).
Pronunciation
Verb
briser
Conjugation
| infinitive | simple | briser | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | brisant /bʁi.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | brisé /bʁi.ze/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | brise /bʁiz/ |
brises /bʁiz/ |
brise /bʁiz/ |
brisons /bʁi.zɔ̃/ |
brisez /bʁi.ze/ |
brisent /bʁiz/ |
| imperfect | brisais /bʁi.zɛ/ |
brisais /bʁi.zɛ/ |
brisait /bʁi.zɛ/ |
brisions /bʁi.zjɔ̃/ |
brisiez /bʁi.zje/ |
brisaient /bʁi.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | brisai /bʁi.ze/ |
brisas /bʁi.za/ |
brisa /bʁi.za/ |
brisâmes /bʁi.zam/ |
brisâtes /bʁi.zat/ |
brisèrent /bʁi.zɛʁ/ | |
| future | briserai /bʁiz.ʁe/ |
briseras /bʁiz.ʁa/ |
brisera /bʁiz.ʁa/ |
briserons /bʁiz.ʁɔ̃/ |
briserez /bʁiz.ʁe/ |
briseront /bʁiz.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | briserais /bʁiz.ʁɛ/ |
briserais /bʁiz.ʁɛ/ |
briserait /bʁiz.ʁɛ/ |
briserions /bʁi.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
briseriez /bʁi.zə.ʁje/ |
briseraient /bʁiz.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | brise /bʁiz/ |
brises /bʁiz/ |
brise /bʁiz/ |
brisions /bʁi.zjɔ̃/ |
brisiez /bʁi.zje/ |
brisent /bʁiz/ |
| imperfect2 | brisasse /bʁi.zas/ |
brisasses /bʁi.zas/ |
brisât /bʁi.za/ |
brisassions /bʁi.za.sjɔ̃/ |
brisassiez /bʁi.za.sje/ |
brisassent /bʁi.zas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | brise /bʁiz/ |
— | brisons /bʁi.zɔ̃/ |
brisez /bʁi.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Conjugation of briser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | se briser | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | s'être + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | se brisant /sə bʁi.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant or étant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | brisé /bʁi.ze/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | me brise /mə bʁiz/ |
te brises /tə bʁiz/ |
se brise /sə bʁiz/ |
nous brisons /nu bʁi.zɔ̃/ |
vous brisez /vu bʁi.ze/ |
se brisent /sə bʁiz/ |
| imperfect | me brisais /mə bʁi.zɛ/ |
te brisais /tə bʁi.zɛ/ |
se brisait /sə bʁi.zɛ/ |
nous brisions /nu bʁi.zjɔ̃/ |
vous brisiez /vu bʁi.zje/ |
se brisaient /sə bʁi.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | me brisai /mə bʁi.ze/ |
te brisas /tə bʁi.za/ |
se brisa /sə bʁi.za/ |
nous brisâmes /nu bʁi.zam/ |
vous brisâtes /vu bʁi.zat/ |
se brisèrent /sə bʁi.zɛʁ/ | |
| future | me briserai /mə bʁiz.ʁe/ |
te briseras /tə bʁiz.ʁa/ |
se brisera /sə bʁiz.ʁa/ |
nous briserons /nu bʁiz.ʁɔ̃/ |
vous briserez /vu bʁiz.ʁe/ |
se briseront /sə bʁiz.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | me briserais /mə bʁiz.ʁɛ/ |
te briserais /tə bʁiz.ʁɛ/ |
se briserait /sə bʁiz.ʁɛ/ |
nous briserions /nu bʁi.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
vous briseriez /vu bʁi.zə.ʁje/ |
se briseraient /sə bʁiz.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | me brise /mə bʁiz/ |
te brises /tə bʁiz/ |
se brise /sə bʁiz/ |
nous brisions /nu bʁi.zjɔ̃/ |
vous brisiez /vu bʁi.zje/ |
se brisent /sə bʁiz/ |
| imperfect2 | me brisasse /mə bʁi.zas/ |
te brisasses /tə bʁi.zas/ |
se brisât /sə bʁi.za/ |
nous brisassions /nu bʁi.za.sjɔ̃/ |
vous brisassiez /vu bʁi.za.sje/ |
se brisassent /sə bʁi.zas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of s'être + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of s'être + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | brise-toi /bʁiz.twa/ |
— | brisons-nous /bʁi.zɔ̃.nu/ |
brisez-vous /bʁi.ze.vu/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | simple imperative of s'être + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Conjugation of se briser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “briser” in Dictionnaire français en ligne Larousse.
- “briser” in Émile Littré, Dictionnaire de la langue française, 1872–1877.
- “briser”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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Noun
briser m
- indefinite plural of bris
Verb
briser
- Alternative form of brisier
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ss, *-st are modified to s, st. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | briser | avoir brisé | |||||
| gerund | en brisant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | brisant | ||||||
| past participle | brisé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | bris | brises | brise | brisons | brisez | brisent |
| imperfect | brisoie, briseie, brisoe, briseve | brisoies, briseies, brisoes, briseves | brisoit, briseit, brisot, briseve | brisiiens, brisiens | brisiiez, brisiez | brisoient, briseient, brisoent, brisevent | |
| preterite | brisai | brisas | brisa | brisames | brisastes | briserent | |
| future | briserai | briseras | brisera | briserons | briseroiz, brisereiz, briserez | briseront | |
| conditional | briseroie, brisereie | briseroies, brisereies | briseroit, brisereit | briseriiens, briseriens | briseriiez, briseriez | briseroient, brisereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | bris | bris | brist | brisons | brisez | brisent |
| imperfect | brisasse | brisasses | brisast | brisissons, brisissiens | brisissoiz, brisissez, brisissiez | brisassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | brise | — | brisons | brisez | — | ||
Synonyms
Noun
briser
- indefinite plural of bris
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