bek

See also: bèk, bėk, bek., bək, бек, and век

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian бек (bek). Doublet of bey and beg.

Noun

bek (plural beks)

1. Alternative form of bey (“Turkish governor”)

Translations

Turkic chief

Chagatai: بیک (bēk /⁠bek⁠/) Chinese: Literary Chinese: 匐 (fú) (Tang dynasty) Mandarin: 伯克 (zh) (bókè) (Qing dynasty) Kazakh: Arabic: بەك, بي Cyrillic: бек, би (kk) Latin: bek, bi Khakas: пиг (pig) Kyrgyz: бий (ky) (biy) Manchu: ᠪᡝᡴ᠋ (bek) Mongolian: Cyrillic: бэг (mn) (beg) Mongolian: ᠪᠡᠭ (beg) Russian: бек (ru) m anim (bek) Southern Altai: бий (biy) Tatar: бәк (tt) (bäk), бик (tt) (bik) Tibetan: པེག (peg) Tuvan: бег (beg) Turkish: bey (tr) Uyghur: Arabic: بەك (bek) Cyrillic: бәк (bek) Uzbek: bek (uz) Written Oirat: ᡋᡄᡎ (beg)

Anagrams

• Keb, KBE, keb, BKE, ebk

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch bek, from Middle Dutch bec, from Old French bec, from Vulgar Latin beccus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛk/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

bek (plural bekke, diminutive bekkie)

1. beak
2. mouth of an animal
3. (derogatory) mouth of a human

Bahnar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛːk/

Adjective

bek

1. fat

Balinese

Romanization

bek

1. Romanization of ᬩᭂᬓ᭄

Basque

Noun

bek

1. ergative indefinite of be

Czech

FWOTD – 10 December 2018

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbɛk]
• Rhymes: -ɛk
• Homophone: beg

Etymology 1

Noun

bek m inan

1. bleat

   Synonyms: bekot, bečení

   • 1902, Josef K. Šlejhar, Temno‎, J. Otto, page 210:

     V tu dobu zase žalný bekot telátka přerývavě zazněl z chléva. Nejistý, bázlivý byl to bek […]

     Sad bleating was heard disjointedly from the barn in that time. It was uncertain, timid bleating […]

2. cry

   Synonyms: pláč, brek, brekot, brečení

   • 1900, Josef Holeček, Květy‎, volume 45:

     Frantík tentokrát nedal se pro sklamání do beku.

     This time Frantík didn't start crying because of his disappointment.

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	bek	beky
genitive	beku	beků
dative	beku	bekům
accusative	bek	beky
vocative	beku	beky
locative	beku	becích
instrumental	bekem	beky

Declension of bek (velar masculine inanimate)

Interjection

bek

1. (onomatopoeia) the characteristic bark of a roe deer
   • 2015, Karel Čapek, Hordubal‎, KKnihy.cz, →ISBN, page 37:

     Bek, bek, povídá, zadupe kopýtky a kluše dál.

     "Bark, bark", she says, stamps with her little hooves and keeps trotting.

Etymology 2

From back, which was borrowed from English back. See also bachyně.^[1]

Alternative forms

• back (archaic)

Noun

bek m anim

1. (colloquial, sports) back [20th c.]

   Synonyms: obránce, zadák

   Antonyms: útočník, forward

   • 1996, Bohumil Hrabal, Ze zápisníku zapisovatele‎, Praha: Pražská imaginace, →ISBN, page 251:

     Vojta Bradáč dvěma góly vyrovnal a pak zdánlivě kulhající Puč najednou nekulhal, obešel halvy, pak po něm vystartoval bek Černý, ale Puč dělovkou překonal brankáře Tichého a já jsem odcházel z hřiště smutný…

     Vojta Bradáč equalized with two goals and then seemingly limping Puč suddenly wasn't limping, got through the half-backs, then back Černý started off against him, but Puč defeated goalkeeper Tichý with a hard shot and I was leaving the pitch sad…

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	bek	beci
genitive	beka	beků
dative	bekovi, beku	bekům
accusative	beka	beky
vocative	beku	beci
locative	bekovi, beku	becích
instrumental	bekem	beky

Declension of bek (velar masculine animate)

Noun

bek m inan

1. (inanimate, colloquial, sports) defense (portion of a team dedicated to defending) [20th c.]

   Synonyms: obrana, defenziva, defenzíva

   Antonyms: útok, ofenziva, ofenzíva

   • 1999, Vlasta Chramostová, Vlasta Chramostová‎, Brno: Doplněk, →ISBN, page 176:

     Standíkovi bylo třináct čtrnáct a hrál na beku.

     Standík was thirteen or fourteen and played in the defense.

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	bek	beky
genitive	beku	beků
dative	beku	bekům
accusative	bek	beky
vocative	beku	beky
locative	beku	becích
instrumental	bekem	beky

Declension of bek (velar masculine inanimate)

References

1. Rejzek, Jiří (2015) “bek”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 3rd (revised and expanded) edition, Praha: LEDA, →ISBN, page 80

Further reading

• “bek”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “bek”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “bek”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: bek
• Rhymes: -ɛk

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch bec, from Old French bec, from Latin beccus.

Noun

bek m (plural bekken, diminutive bekje n)

1. a bird's beak

   Synonym: snavel

   De raaf had een stuk kaas in zijn bek.

   The raven held a piece of cheese in its beak.

2. any animal's mouth (such as a snout)
3. (informal, rude) a human mouth

   Hou je bek!

   Shut your trap!

Derived terms

• bek op poten
• bekaf
• bekken
• bekken trekken
• bekkenbeul
• bekkentrekker
• bekvechten
• blauwbekken
• breedbekstrandloper
• dikbekfuut
• dunbekwulp
• eendenbek
• geilbek
• kraaienbek
• krokodillenbek
• krombekstrandloper
• kruisbek
• lachebek
• lafbek
• langbek
• leeuwenbek
• lekkerbek
• lepelbekeend
• ooievaarsbek
• op je bek gaan
• paardenbek
• reigersbek
• roodbekwever
• schaarbek
• schoenbekooievaar
• schreeuwbek
• vogelbekdier
• zaagbek

Descendants

• Afrikaans: bek
• Negerhollands: biek
• Petjo: bek
• → Antillean Creole: béc aou (Martinique)
• → Papiamentu: bek (dated)

Etymology 2

Verb

bek

1. inflection of bekken:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbɛk]
• Hyphenation: bèk

Etymology 1

From Dutch back, from English back, from Middle English bak, from Old English bæc, from Proto-Germanic *baką, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰogo (literally “bending”).

Noun

bèk (plural bek-bek)

1. (sports, soccer) back, in some team sports, a position behind most players on the team.

Etymology 2

Unknown, probably from Dutch beg, from Ottoman Turkish بك (beg), from Old Turkic 𐰋𐰏 (b²g /⁠bég⁠/, “chief, titled man”).

Noun

bèk (plural bek-bek)

1. (obsolete) chief of a village.

Further reading

• “bek” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Karaim

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bek.

Adjective

bek

1. strong, firm, solid

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “bek”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Nandi

Noun

bek

1. water

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse bik, from Middle Low German pik, from Old Saxon pik, from Proto-West Germanic *pik, from Latin pix. See also Dutch pek, German Pech, Swedish beck.

Noun

bek n (definite singular beket, indefinite plural bek, definite plural beka or bekene)

1. pitch (a dark, extremely viscous material still remaining after distilling crude oil and tar)

Related terms

• bekmørk (“pitch-dark”)

References

• “bek” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Papiamentu

Etymology

From English back.

Adjective

bek

1. back, again

Noun

bek

1. back

Polabian

Etymology

Borrowed from Low German bäk

Noun

bek m ?

1. stream

References

• The template Template:R:pox:SejDp does not use the parameter(s):

  3=1

  Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Lehr-Spławiński, T., Polański, K. (1962) “bek”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 1 (A – ďüzd), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 30
• Polański, Kazimierz, James Allen Sehnert (1967) “bek”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 37
• Olesch, Reinhold (1962) “Bec”, in Thesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volumes 1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, →ISBN, page 40

Polish

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɛk/

• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Goral):
    • (Podhale) IPA^(key): /ˈbɛk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛk
• Syllabification: bek
• Homophones: beg, Beg

Etymology 1

Onomatopoeic.

Noun

bek m inan

1. bleat (cry of a sheep or goat)
2. (colloquial) wail

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	bek	beki
genitive	beku	beków
dative	bekowi	bekom
accusative	bek	beki
instrumental	bekiem	bekami
locative	beku	bekach
vocative	beku	beki

Declension of bek

Related terms

(adjective):

• bekliwy

(interjection):

• be

(nouns):

• bekowisko
• beksa

(verbs):

• beczeć impf
• bekać impf, beknąć pf

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English back.

Noun

bek m pers

1. (dated, sports) defender

   Synonym: obrońca

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	bek	bekowie
genitive	beka	beków
dative	bekowi	bekom
accusative	beka	beków
instrumental	bekiem	bekami
locative	beku	bekach
vocative	beku	bekowie

Declension of bek

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Romanian bec.

Noun

bek m inan

1. (Podhale) light bulb

   Synonym: żarówka

Etymology 4

Deverbal of bekać.

Noun

bek m inan

1. (colloquial) belch, burp

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	bek	beki
genitive	beku	beków
dative	bekowi	bekom
accusative	bek	beki
instrumental	bekiem	bekami
locative	beku	bekach
vocative	beku	beki

Declension of bek

Etymology 5

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

bek f

1. genitive plural of beka

Further reading

• bek in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• bek in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Semai

Alternative forms

• beuk

Etymology

From Proto-Mon-Khmer *bək ~ *buk ~ *buək (“to bind (round)”). Cognate with Mon ဗိုက် (pàk, “to put round”), Vietnamese buộc (“to bind”), Central Nicobarese [Nancowry] pôk-hata/pôko (“to bind, tie”).

Verb

bek^[1]

1. to bind; to tie

Synonyms

• chekaq
• chekòt

Derived terms

• ba'bek

References

1. Basrim bin Ngah Aching (2008) Kamus Engròq Semay – Engròq Malaysia, Kamus Bahasa Semai – Bahasa Malaysia, Bangi: Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Tok Pisin

Etymology 1

From English bag.

Noun

bek

1. bag

Etymology 2

From English back.

Adverb

bek

1. back
   • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 3:19:

     Na bai yu wok hat tru long kisim kaikai bilong yu na tuhat bai i kamap long pes bilong yu. Na bai yu hatwok oltaim inap yu dai na yu go bek long graun. Long wanem, mi bin wokim yu long graun, na bai yu go bek gen long graun.”

     →New International Version translation

Uzbek

Other scripts

Yangi Imlo
Cyrillic	бек‍
Latin	bek‍
Perso-Arabic (Afghanistan)

Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai [Term?], from Proto-Turkic *bǟg,^[1] from Proto-Iranian *bagáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰagás. Doublet of biy.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛk/, [bɛk̟]
• Hyphenation: bek

Noun

bek (plural beklar)

1. (historical) a title of local officials, beg

Derived terms

• beklarbegi
• beklik

Related terms

• begim

References

1. Clauson, Gerard (1972) “be:g”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 322