annus

See also: Annus

Latin

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annus

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Alternative forms

• a. (abbreviation)

Etymology

Proposed to derive from Proto-Italic *atnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ét-no-, probably from *h₂et- (“to go”). Cognate with Oscan akno- (“year, holiday, time of offering”); Gothic *𐌰𐌸𐌽 (*aþn) or *𐌰𐌸𐌽𐍃 (*aþns, “year”), attested in 𐌰𐍄𐌰𐌸𐌽𐌹 (ataþni, “year”); and dialectal Dutch aden (“year”).

For the root, compare Sanskrit अतति (atati, “he wanders, goes”). For a comparable case of *-tn- yielding a geminate -nn- in Latin, see penna (“feather”), from Proto-Italic *petnā.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈan.nus/, [ˈänːʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈan.nus/, [ˈänːus]

Noun

annus m (genitive annī); second declension

1. year

   Viginti annos natus est.

   He is twenty years old.

   Abhinc duo annos factum est.

   It happened two years ago.

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.273–274:

     Nos quoque idem facimus tunc, cum iuvenalibus annis ¶ luxuriant animi, corporaque ipsa vigent.

     We also do the same then, when in youthful years [our] spirits are luxuriant, and [our] bodies themselves are vigorous.

2. (figurative) time

   Synonyms: tempus, hōra

3. (figurative) season

   Synonyms: tempestās, hōra

Usage notes

For the changing Roman conceptions of the year over time, see Roman calendar on Wikipedia.

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	annus	annī
Genitive	annī	annōrum
Dative	annō	annīs
Accusative	annum	annōs
Ablative	annō	annīs
Vocative	anne	annī

Derived terms

• ad annum
• annālis
• anniculus
• annifer
• anniperennāns
• anniversārius
• annōna
• annōsus
• annōtinus
• annuālis
• annus solidus
• annuus
• biennālis
• biennis
• biennium
• centennis
• centennium
• decennalis
• decennis
• decennium
• decennium
• duodecennis
• duodecennium
• in annum
• millennium
• novennis
• novennium
• octennis
• octennium
• perennis
• plūrennis
• quadrennālis
• quadrennium
• quadriennis
• quīnquennālis
• quinquennis
• quīnquennium
• quotennis
• sedecennis
• septuennis
• septuennium
• sexennis
• sexennium
• sine anno
• tredecennis
• tredecennium
• tredennis
• tricennālis
• tricennis
• tricennium
• triennis
• triennium
• vicennālis
• vicennis
• vicennium

 

Descendants

• Aragonese: año, anyo
• Aromanian: an
• Corsican: annu
• Dalmatian: jan, yan, jain, yain
• English: -ennial
• Extremaduran: añu
• Old French: an, anee
  • French: an, année
    • Antillean Creole: lanné
  • Gallo: anné
  • Norman: aun, an, annaée, année, onnaïe
  • Walloon: anêye
• Friulian: an
• Istriot: ano
• Istro-Romanian: ån
• Italian: anno
• Lombard: ann
• Megleno-Romanian: an
• Romagnol: ân
• Neapolitan: anno
• Old Occitan: an
  • Catalan: any
  • Occitan: an, annada
• Piedmontese: ann
• Old Leonese:
  • Asturian: añu
  • Leonese: añu, anu
  • Mirandese: anho
• Old Galician-Portuguese: ano
  • Galician: ano
  • Portuguese: ano
    • Guinea-Bissau Creole: anu
    • Kabuverdianu: ánu
    • Papiamentu: aña
• Romanian: an
• Romansch: onn, on, an
• Sardinian: annu
• Sicilian: annu
• Old Spanish: anno
  • Spanish: año
  • Ladino: anyo
• Tarantino: anne
• Venetan: ano, an
• → Dutch: anno
• → German: anno
• → Norwegian Bokmål: anno
• → Interlingua: anno

References

• “annus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “annus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• annus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• annus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) at the beginning of the year: initio anni, ineunte anno
    
  • year by year; day by day: singulis annis, diebus
    
  • a year from now: ad annum
    
  • it is more than twenty years ago: amplius sunt (quam) viginti anni or viginti annis
    
  • twenty years and more: viginti anni et amplius, aut plus
    
  • twenty years ago: abhinc (ante) viginti annos or viginti his annis
    
  • I have not seen you for five years: quinque anni sunt or sextus annus est, cum te non vidi
    
  • he has been absent five years: quinque annos or sextum (iam) annum abest
    
  • the division of the year (into months, etc.: anni descriptio
    
  • the intercalary year (month, day): annus (mensis, dies) intercalaris
    
  • Homer lived many years before the foundation of Rome: Homerus fuit multis annis ante Romam conditam
    
  • how old are you: quot annos natus es?
    
  • I am thirteen years old: tredecim annos natus sum
    
  • I am in my thirteenth year: tertium decimum annum ago
    
  • a boy ten years old: puer decem annorum
    
  • to be entering on one's tenth year: decimum aetatis annum ingredi
    
  • to be ten years old: decem annos vixisse
    
  • to be more than ten years old, to have entered on one's eleventh year: decimum annum excessisse, egressum esse
    
  • to be not yet twenty: minorem esse viginti annis
    
  • I was ten years old at the time: tum habebam decem annos
    
  • to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred: centum annos complere
    
  • to reach one's hundredth year, to live to be a hundred: vitam ad annum centesimum perducere
    
  • the addition of a few years: accessio paucorum annorum
    
  • to happen during a person's life, year of office: in aetatem alicuius, in annum incidere
    
  • to prolong the command for a year: imperium in annum prorogare
    
  • (ambiguous) to be elected at the age required by law (lex Villia annalis): suo (legitimo) anno creari (opp. ante annum)
    
  • to prolong a person's command: prorogare alicui imperium (in annum)
    
  • (ambiguous) in the past year: praeterito anno (not praeterlapso)
    
  • (ambiguous) last year: superiore, priore anno
    
  • (ambiguous) (1) last year; (2) next year: proximo anno
    
  • (ambiguous) in the following year: insequenti(e) anno (not sequente)
    
  • (ambiguous) after a year has elapsed: anno peracto, circumacto, interiecto, intermisso
    
  • (ambiguous) in the course of the year: anno vertente
    
  • (ambiguous) at the beginning of the year: initio anni, ineunte anno
    
  • (ambiguous) at the end of the year: exeunte, extremo anno
    
  • (ambiguous) every fifth year: quinto quoque anno
    
  • (ambiguous) in the fifth year from the founding of the city: anno ab urbe condita quinto
    
  • (ambiguous) to be elected at the age required by law (lex Villia annalis): suo (legitimo) anno creari (opp. ante annum)
    
• “annus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• annus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• “annus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Further reading

• “annus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Roman calendar on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• nānus