退 - Wikiwand

More information trad., simp. # ...

trad.	退
simp. ^#	退
alternative forms	𨓤𢓴𢓇

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 退, Western Zhou ...

Historical forms of the character 退
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
腿	*n̥ʰuːlʔ
退	*n̥ʰuːbs
褪	*n̥ʰuːns

Characters in the same phonetic series (退) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

In oracle bone script, ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 皀 (“food vessel”) + 夊 (“downward foot”) – to leave the table after eating. Variants that depicted the vessel as 酉 or 豆 were common. Bronze inscriptions added 彳 to emphasize the action of walking away.

In the modern form the vessel 皀 has simplified to the unrelated 艮, similar to ⾷, 即, 既, 郷.

Shuowen misinterprets the seal script form as ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 彳 (“move”) + 夊 (“walk”) + 日 (“sun”) – to walk away from the sun, to retreat.

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	edit 退
Mandarin	Beijing	/tʰuei⁵¹/
Harbin	/tʰuei⁵³/
Tianjin	/tʰuei⁵³/
Jinan	/tʰuei²¹/
Qingdao	/tʰue⁴²/
Zhengzhou	/tʰuei³¹²/
Xi'an	/tʰuei⁴⁴/
Xining	/tʰuɨ²¹³/
Yinchuan	/tʰuei¹³/
Lanzhou	/tʰuei¹³/
Ürümqi	/tʰuei²¹³/
Wuhan	/tʰei³⁵/
Chengdu	/tʰuei¹³/
Guiyang	/tʰuei²¹³/
Kunming	/tʰuei²¹²/
Nanjing	/tʰuəi⁴⁴/
Hefei	/tʰe⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tʰuei⁴⁵/
Pingyao	/tʰuæ³⁵/
Hohhot	/tʰuei⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/tʰe³⁵/
Suzhou	/tʰe̞⁵¹³/
Hangzhou	/tʰui⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou	/tʰai⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/tʰɛ³²⁴/
Tunxi	/tʰə⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/tʰei⁵⁵/
Xiangtan	/tʰəi⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/tʰui²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/tʰui⁵³/
Taoyuan	/tʰui⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/tʰøy³³/
Nanning	/tʰui³³/
Hong Kong	/tʰøy³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/tʰui²¹/ /tʰe²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/tʰɔy²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/to³³/
Shantou (Teochew)	/tʰo²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese)	/hui³⁵/ /he³⁵/

More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	退
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他内切
Baxter	thwojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuoi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰwəj^H/
Li Rong	/tʰuᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/tʰuɒi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tʰuɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tuì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	teoi³

More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	退
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tuì
Middle Chinese	‹ thwoj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥ˁ[u]p-s/
English	withdraw (≠ advance)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	退
Reading #	1/1
No.	12536
Phonetic component	退
Rime group	內
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰuːbs/
Notes	由說文從彳從日夊隸變，或從彳內聲

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): tuì (tui⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄟˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tui⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): teoi³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): hui¹
Gan (Wiktionary): tui³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): thui

(Hailu, HRS): tui^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): tui⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): tui³
Northern Min (KCR): do̿ / to̿
Eastern Min (BUC): tó̤i
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): toe⁴ / te⁴ / tui⁴ / tuei⁴ / tuai⁴ / toi⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thè / thèr / thòe

(Teochew, Peng'im): to³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵the
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): tei⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tuì
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tuèi
  - Wade–Giles: tʻui⁴
  - Yale: twèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuey
  - Palladius: туй (tuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: tui⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰuei²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: teoi³
  - Yale: teui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: toey³
  - Guangdong Romanization: têu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɵy̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: hui¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hui³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: tui³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰui²¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thui
  - Hakka Romanization System: tui
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tui⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰu̯i⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: tui^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰui¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: tui⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰuɪ⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: tui³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰuei⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: do̿ / to̿
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /to³³/, /tʰo³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tó̤i
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɔy²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Nanri, Xianyou, Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: toe⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: te̤̍
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰø⁴²/
- (Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: toe⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰœ⁴²/
- (Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: te⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰe⁴²/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: tui⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: tu̍i
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰui⁴²/
- (Putian, Nanri, Xianyou, Fengting)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: tuei⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: to̍i
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰuei⁴²/
- (Jiangkou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: tuai⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰuɐi⁴²/
- (Youyang)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: toi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoi⁴²/

Note:

toe4/te4 - vernacular (e.g. 退步);
tui4/tuei4/tuai4/toi4 - literary (e.g. 後退, 撤退).

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Magong, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thè
  - Tâi-lô: thè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tex
  - IPA (Philippines): /tʰe⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰe¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /tʰe²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thèr
  - Tâi-lô: thèr
  - IPA (Lukang): /tʰə³¹/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /tʰə¹²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰə⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòe
  - Tâi-lô: thuè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: toex
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰue²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰue⁴¹/

Note:

Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou:
- thè/thèr - vernacular;
- thòe - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: to³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thò
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰo²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵the
  - MiniDict: the^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²the
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /tʰe³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: tei⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰe̞i̯⁴⁵/

Dialectal data

Middle Chinese: thwojH

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤ[u]p-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰuːbs/

Definitions

退

to step back; to move backwards
to withdraw; to leave
to cause to move backward
to recede; to fade; to ebb
to return (a purchase, etc.); to refund
to cancel; to call off

Synonyms

(to withdraw):

edit

捨去 / 舍去 (shěqù) (literary)
撤 (chè)
背離 / 背离 (bèilí)
走 (zǒu)
退出 (tuìchū)
遠 / 远 (literary)
遠離 / 远离 (yuǎnlí)
離去 / 离去 (líqù)
離逖 / 离逖 (lítì)
離開 / 离开 (líkāi)

(to return):

edit

歸還 / 归还 (guīhuán)
退出 (tuìchū)
退還 / 退还 (tuìhuán)

(to cancel):

edit

削除 (xuēchú)
取消 (qǔxiāo)
廢止 / 废止 (fèizhǐ)
廢除 / 废除 (fèichú)
撤廢 / 撤废 (chèfèi)
撤銷 / 撤销 (chèxiāo)
收回 (shōuhuí)
杜絕 / 杜绝 (dùjué)
罷黜 / 罢黜 (bàchù) (literary)
裁撤 (cáichè)
解除 (jiěchú)
註銷 / 注销 (zhùxiāo)
銷 / 销 (xiāo)
除免 (chúmiǎn) (literary)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to step back”): 進／进 (jìn)

Compounds

不知進退 / 不知进退 (bùzhījìntuì)
不識進退 / 不识进退
不退
以退為進 / 以退为进 (yǐtuìwéijìn)
倒退 (dàotuì)
功成身退 (gōngchéngshēntuì)
功遂身退
勇退
勇退激流
叱退 (chìtuì)
吐退
告退 (gàotuì)
多退少補 / 多退少补
屏退 (bǐngtuì)
延退
引退 (yǐntuì)
後退 / 后退 (hòutuì)
後退色 / 后退色
急流勇退 (jíliúyǒngtuì)
恬退
打退 (dǎtuì)
打退堂鼓 (dǎ tuìtánggǔ)
撤退 (chètuì)
擊退 / 击退 (jītuì)
故退
敗退 / 败退 (bàituì)
斥退 (chìtuì)
旅進旅退 / 旅进旅退
早退 (zǎotuì)
有進無退 / 有进无退
沖退 / 冲退
消退 (xiāotuì)
海退
減退 / 减退 (jiǎntuì)
牛餼退敵 / 牛饩退敌
留退步
病退 (bìngtuì)
知難而退 / 知难而退 (zhīnán'értuì)
祛退
節節敗退 / 节节败退 (jiéjiébàituì)
簽退 / 签退
素退
罷退 / 罢退
衰退 (shuāituì)
謙退 / 谦退
趨前退後 / 趋前退后
身退功成
車無退表 / 车无退表
辭退 / 辞退 (cítuì)
退一步 (tuì yī bù)
退一步想
退件
退伙
退休 (tuìxiū)
退伍 (tuìwǔ)
退休金 (tuìxiūjīn)
退佃 (tuìdiàn)
退位 (tuìwèi)
退保 (tuìbǎo)
退兵 (tuìbīng)
退冰 (tuìbīng)
退出 (tuìchū)
退前縮後 / 退前缩后
退化 (tuìhuà)
退化現象 / 退化现象
退卻 / 退却 (tuìquè)
退回 (tuìhuí)
退團 / 退团 (tuìtuán)
退坡 (tuìpō)
退堂 (tuìtáng)
退堂鼓 (tuìtánggǔ)
退場 / 退场 (tuìchǎng)
退如山移
退婚 (tuìhūn)
退婚書 / 退婚书
退學 / 退学 (tuìxué)
退守 (tuìshǒu)
退室
退居 (tuìjū)
退居幕後 / 退居幕后
退席 (tuìxí)
退庭
退役 (tuìyì)
退後 / 退后 (tuìhòu)
退徙三舍
退怯怯
退思補過 / 退思补过
退息
退悔
退房 (tuìfáng)
退換 / 退换 (tuìhuàn)
退故
退敵 / 退敌 (tuìdí)
退有後言 / 退有后言
退款 (tuìkuǎn)
退步 (tuìbù)
退潮 (tuìcháo)
退火 (tuìhuǒ)
退熱 / 退热 (tuìrè)
退燒 / 退烧 (tuìshāo)
退現 / 退现
退瓶
退省 (tuìxǐng)
退票 (tuìpiào)
退租
退稅 / 退税 (tuìshuì)
退稿 (tuìgǎo)
退筆 / 退笔
退縮 / 退缩 (tuìsuō)
退老
退職 / 退职 (tuìzhí)
退股
退色
退落
退藏於密 / 退藏于密
退親 / 退亲 (tuìqīn)
退讓 / 退让 (tuìràng)
退貨 / 退货 (tuìhuò)
退費 / 退费
退賠 / 退赔 (tuìpéi)
退贓 / 退赃
退走 (tuìzǒu)
退路 (tuìlù)
退身步兒 / 退身步儿
退軍 / 退军 (tuìjūn)
退送
退送紙 / 退送纸
退選 / 退选 (tuìxuǎn)
退避 (tuìbì)
退還 / 退还 (tuìhuán)
退避三舍 (tuìbìsānshè)
逃避退縮 / 逃避退缩
退針 / 退针
退錢 / 退钱 (tuìqián)
退除役
退隱 / 退隐 (tuìyǐn)
退食
進寸退尺 / 进寸退尺
進退 / 进退 (jìntuì)
進退中繩 / 进退中绳
進退兩難 / 进退两难 (jìntuìliǎngnán)
進退失據 / 进退失据 (jìntuìshījù)
進退存亡 / 进退存亡
進退有常 / 进退有常
進退無據 / 进退无据
進退無路 / 进退无路
進退無門 / 进退无门
進退維谷 / 进退维谷 (jìntuìwéigǔ)
進退首鼠 / 进退首鼠
進銳退速 / 进锐退速
遽退
隱退 / 隐退 (yǐntuì)
革退
頤指進退 / 颐指进退
黜退 (chùtuì)
齋退 / 斋退

Descendants

→ Thai: ถอย (tɔ̌i)

References

“退”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “退”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 155.

退

Translingual

Han character

Derived characters

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Antonyms

Compounds

Descendants

References

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

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