退化

Chinese

		retreat; to decline; to move back retreat; to decline; to move back; to withdraw	to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform
trad. (退化)		退	化
simp. #(退化)		退	化

Pronunciation

[Show/Hide]
edit edit 蛻化／蜕化 退化

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tuìhuà

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): teoi³ faa³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thui-fa
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thèr-hòa / thè-hòa / thòe-hòa

  (Teochew, Peng'im): to³ huê³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tuìhuà
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tuèihuà
    • Wade–Giles: tʻui⁴-hua⁴
    • Yale: twèi-hwà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tueyhuah
    • Palladius: туйхуа (tujxua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
    • Homophones:
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: teoi³ faa³
    • Yale: teui fa
    • Cantonese Pinyin: toey³ faa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: têu³ fa³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰɵy̯³³ faː³³/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 蛻化／蜕化 退化

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thui-fa
    • Hakka Romanization System: tui fa
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tui⁴ fa⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰu̯i⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thèr-hòa
    • Tâi-lô: thèr-huà
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thè-hòa
    • Tâi-lô: thè-huà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tea'hoax
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰe²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰe²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰe¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòe-hòa
    • Tâi-lô: thuè-huà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: toea'hoax
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰue¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰue²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: to³ huê³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thò huè
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰo²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hue²¹³/

Verb

退化

1. to degenerate; to atrophy
2. to deteriorate; to worsen; to decline; to fall; to drop

Usage notes

退化 (tuìhuà) is used to emphasize a good situation turning bad, while 蛻化／蜕化 (tuìhuà) is used to emphasize corruption and degeneration.

Synonyms

• (to degenerate): 老化 (lǎohuà)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “deteriorate”): 進化／进化 (jìnhuà)

Derived terms

• 土地退化 (tǔdì tuìhuà)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
退	化
たい Grade: 6	か Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ta̠ika̠]

Noun

退(たい)化(か) • (taika) 

1. degeneration; retrogression

Antonyms

• 進化(しんか) (shinka)

Verb

退(たい)化(か)する • (taika suru) suru (stem 退(たい)化(か)し (taika shi), past 退(たい)化(か)した (taika shita))

1. to degenerate, to retrogress

Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	退化し	たいかし	taika shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	退化し	たいかし	taika shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	退化する	たいかする	taika suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	退化する	たいかする	taika suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	退化すれ	たいかすれ	taika sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	退化せよ¹ 退化しろ²	たいかせよ¹ たいかしろ²	taika seyo¹ taika shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	退化される	たいかされる	taika sareru
Causative	退化させる 退化さす	たいかさせる たいかさす	taika saseru taika sasu
Potential	退化できる	たいかできる	taika dekiru
Volitional	退化しよう	たいかしよう	taika shiyō
Negative	退化しない	たいかしない	taika shinai
Negative continuative	退化せず	たいかせず	taika sezu
Formal	退化します	たいかします	taika shimasu
Perfective	退化した	たいかした	taika shita
Conjunctive	退化して	たいかして	taika shite
Hypothetical conditional	退化すれば	たいかすれば	taika sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Conjugation of "退化する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Descendants

• → Chinese: 退化 (tuìhuà)
• → Korean: 퇴화 (toehwa)
• → Vietnamese: thoái hoá

Korean

Hanja in this term
退	化

Noun

退化 • (toehwa) (hangeul 퇴화)

1. hanja form^? of 퇴화 (“degeneration; retrogression”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
退	化

Verb

退化

1. chữ Hán form of thoái hoá (“to degenerate;to decline”).