-unculus

See also: unculus

Latin

Etymology

Uncommon variant of -culus. The great majority of diminutives that end in the letters -unculus were not formed using this suffix; rather, they were formed by adding the diminutive suffix -culus to the stems of third-declension nouns with nominative singular forms ending in -ō and oblique stems ending in -in- or -ōn- (such as homunculus (from homō, homin- + -culus) and sermunculus (from sermō, sermōn- + -culus)). In these, the ending -unculus results from alteration of the vowel before the stem-final n to u due to either regular phonetic sound change (in the case of original *ōn or *on) or analogy.

Rebracketing of -culus in the above class of words may be the source of the words where -unculus appears to be used as an independent suffix; alternatively, some words that appear synchronically to have this suffix may have actually been formed originally on an unattested n-stem base (such as avunculus).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈun.ku.lus/, [ˈʊŋkʊɫ̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈun.ku.lus/, [ˈuŋkulus]

Suffix

-unculus (feminine -uncula, neuter -unculum); first/second-declension suffix

1. Suffix forming diminutive forms of nouns, ultimately an extended form of -ulus.

   avus (“grandfather”) → avunculus (“uncle”)

   rāna (“frog”) → rānunculus (“tadpole”)

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	-unculus	-uncula	-unculum		-unculī	-unculae	-uncula
genitive	-unculī	-unculae	-unculī		-unculōrum	-unculārum	-unculōrum
dative	-unculō	-unculae	-unculō		-unculīs
accusative	-unculum	-unculam	-unculum		-unculōs	-unculās	-uncula
ablative	-unculō	-unculā	-unculō		-unculīs
vocative	-uncule	-uncula	-unculum		-unculī	-unculae	-uncula

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -unculus

References

• “-unculus” on page 2090/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)