-uma

See also: Appendix:Variations of "uma"

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-udak, from Proto-Uralic *-w-. Cognate with Finnish -ua.

Verb

-uma (da-infinitive -uda)

1. Derives various verbs.

Inflection

indicative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-un	ei -u	1st sing.	olen -unud	ei ole -unud pole -unud
2nd sing.	-ud		2nd sing.	oled -unud
3rd sing.	-ub		3rd sing.	on -unud
1st plur.	-ume		1st plur.	oleme -unud
2nd plur.	-ute		2nd plur.	olete -unud
3rd plur.	-uvad		3rd plur.	on -unud
impersonal	-utakse	ei -uta	impersonal	on -utud	ei ole -utud pole -utud
past			pluperfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-usin	ei -unud	1st sing.	olin -unud	ei olnud -unud polnud -unud
2nd sing.	-usid		2nd sing.	olid -unud
3rd sing.	-us		3rd sing.	oli -unud
1st plur.	-usime		1st plur.	olime -unud
2nd plur.	-usite		2nd plur.	olite -unud
3rd plur.	-usid		3rd plur.	oli -unud
impersonal	-uti	ei -utud	impersonal	oli -utud	ei olnud -utud polnud -utud
conditional
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	-uksin	ei -uks	1st sing.	-unuksin oleksin -unud	ei -unuks ei oleks -unud poleks -unud
2nd sing.	-uksid		2nd sing.	-unuksid oleksid -unud
3rd sing.	-uks		3rd sing.	-unuks oleks -unud
1st plur.	-uksime		1st plur.	-unuksime oleksime -unud
2nd plur.	-uksite		2nd plur.	-unuksite oleksite -unud
3rd plur.	-uksid		3rd plur.	-unuksid oleksid -unud
impersonal	-utaks	ei -utaks	impersonal	oleks -utud	ei oleks -utud poleks -utud
imperative
present			perfect
person	positive	negative	person	positive	negative
1st sing.	—	—	1st sing.	—	—
2nd sing.	-u	ära -u	2nd sing.	ole -unud	ära ole -unud
3rd sing.	-ugu	ärgu -ugu	3rd sing.	olgu -unud	ärgu olgu -unud
1st plur.	-ugem	ärme -ume ärme -u ärgem -ugem	1st plur.	olgem -unud	ärme oleme -unud ärme ole -unud ärgem olgem -unud
2nd plur.	-uge	ärge -uge	2nd plur.	olge -unud	ärge olge -unud
3rd plur.	-ugu	ärgu -ugu	3rd plur.	olgu -unud	ärgu olgu -unud
impersonal	-utagu	ärgu -utagu	impersonal	olgu -utud	ärgu olgu -utud
quotative
present			perfect
voice	positive	negative	voice	positive	negative
active	-uvat	ei -uvat	active	olevat -unud	ei olevat -unud polevat -unud
passive	-utavat	ei -utavat	passive	olevat -utud	ei olevat -utud polevat -utud
Nominal forms
ma-infinitive	active	passive	da-infinitive	present	past
nominative	-uma	-utama	nominative	-uda	olla -unud
illative		—	inessive	-udes	olles -unud
inessive	-umas		participle	active	passive
elative	-umast		present	-uv	-utav
translative	-umaks		past	-unud	-utud
abessive	-umata		negative	-umatu	—

Conjugation of -uma (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -uma

hoiduma

hukkuma

kaaluma

keskenduma

kohtuma

käivituma

leiduma

lämbuma

maanduma

mahtuma

pakkuma

sõltuma

taanduma

tunduma

väljuma

üllatuma

Finnish

Etymology

Either from -ua +‎ -ma or extracted from such instances. Could also be a contraction of -utuma, from -utua + -ma.

Suffix

-uma (front vowel harmony variant -ymä, linguistic notation -UmA)

1. Variant of -ma; forms passive action/result nouns from verbs and sometimes nouns.

Declension

Inflection of -uma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)
nominative		-uma	-umat
genitive		-uman	-umien
partitive		-umaa	-umia
illative		-umaan	-umiin
		singular	plural
nominative		-uma	-umat
accusative	nom.	-uma	-umat
	gen.	-uman
genitive		-uman	-umien -umain rare
partitive		-umaa	-umia
inessive		-umassa	-umissa
elative		-umasta	-umista
illative		-umaan	-umiin
adessive		-umalla	-umilla
ablative		-umalta	-umilta
allative		-umalle	-umille
essive		-umana	-umina
translative		-umaksi	-umiksi
abessive		-umatta	-umitta
instructive		—	-umin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -uma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -umani -umani accusative nom. -umani -umani gen. -umani genitive -umani -umieni -umaini rare partitive -umaani -umiani inessive -umassani -umissani elative -umastani -umistani illative -umaani -umiini adessive -umallani -umillani ablative -umaltani -umiltani allative -umalleni -umilleni essive -umanani -uminani translative -umakseni -umikseni abessive -umattani -umittani instructive — — comitative — -umineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -umasi -umasi accusative nom. -umasi -umasi gen. -umasi genitive -umasi -umiesi -umaisi rare partitive -umaasi -umiasi inessive -umassasi -umissasi elative -umastasi -umistasi illative -umaasi -umiisi adessive -umallasi -umillasi ablative -umaltasi -umiltasi allative -umallesi -umillesi essive -umanasi -uminasi translative -umaksesi -umiksesi abessive -umattasi -umittasi instructive — — comitative — -uminesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -umamme -umamme accusative nom. -umamme -umamme gen. -umamme genitive -umamme -umiemme -umaimme rare partitive -umaamme -umiamme inessive -umassamme -umissamme elative -umastamme -umistamme illative -umaamme -umiimme adessive -umallamme -umillamme ablative -umaltamme -umiltamme allative -umallemme -umillemme essive -umanamme -uminamme translative -umaksemme -umiksemme abessive -umattamme -umittamme instructive — — comitative — -uminemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -umanne -umanne accusative nom. -umanne -umanne gen. -umanne genitive -umanne -umienne -umainne rare partitive -umaanne -umianne inessive -umassanne -umissanne elative -umastanne -umistanne illative -umaanne -umiinne adessive -umallanne -umillanne ablative -umaltanne -umiltanne allative -umallenne -umillenne essive -umananne -uminanne translative -umaksenne -umiksenne abessive -umattanne -umittanne instructive — — comitative — -uminenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -umansa -umansa accusative nom. -umansa -umansa gen. -umansa genitive -umansa -umiensa -umainsa rare partitive -umaansa -umiaan -umiansa inessive -umassaan -umassansa -umissaan -umissansa elative -umastaan -umastansa -umistaan -umistansa illative -umaansa -umiinsa adessive -umallaan -umallansa -umillaan -umillansa ablative -umaltaan -umaltansa -umiltaan -umiltansa allative -umalleen -umallensa -umilleen -umillensa essive -umanaan -umanansa -uminaan -uminansa translative -umakseen -umaksensa -umikseen -umiksensa abessive -umattaan -umattansa -umittaan -umittansa instructive — — comitative — -umineen -uminensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -uma

ahtauma

arpeuma

avauma

erkauma

etuuma

haarauma

hajauma

harhauma

huuhtouma

irtauma

jakauma

juustouma

kaartuma

kalkkiuma

kasauma

kehkeymä

kertauma

keräymä

kietouma

kiteymä

kiveymä

kohouma

kokouma

koukistuma

kovertuma

kulkeuma

kurouma

kytkeymä

lahouma

laskeuma

latauma

liittouma

muovauma

nirhauma

painauma

palauma

patouma

poikkeuma

purkauma

rapauma

rappeuma

revähtymä

rikkouma

risteymä

ruhjouma

ruuhkauma

ryöstymä

sakkauma

salpauma

sekauma

sopeuma

sotkeuma

sulauma

sulkeuma

suppeuma

takauma

tarjouma

toteuma

tukkeuma

tunkeuma

tuppeuma

turhauma

uppouma

varauma

venähtymä

vinouma

värjäymä

Anagrams

• mau, mua

Gothic

Romanization

-uma

1. Romanization of -𐌿𐌼𐌰

Old English

Alternative forms

• -ema, -ma
• -emest, -emesta (when combined with additional superlative endings)

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-umô.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /u.mɑ/

Suffix

-uma

1. used to form the superlative of Old English adjectives

   meduma ― midway in size, midmost

   hindema ― hindmost, last

   forma ― first, earliest

2. used in combination with other superlative endings

   furmesta ― foremost

   æftemest ― aftermost

   ēastemest ― easternmost

Derived terms

Old English terms suffixed with -uma

hindema

Descendants

• English: -most (from -emest(a))