mua

See also: Appendix:Variations of "mua"

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *moN, from Proto-Indo-European *me- (“me”).

Pronoun

mua

1. (to) me

Related terms

• meje
• më

 

Anuta

Adjective

mua

1. front

Chinese

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mua

  (Zhuyin): ˙ㄇㄨㄚ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mua
    • Zhuyin: ˙ㄇㄨㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: muå
    • Wade–Giles: mua⁵
    • Yale: mwa
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .mua
    • Palladius: муа (mua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu̯ä/

Interjection

mua

1. (Mainland China, neologism, slang, onomatopoeic) mwah

Fijian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Oceanic *muqa from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *muqa (compare with Iban mua).^[1][2]

Verb

mua (mua)

1. to head to somewhere

mua (vakamua)

1. to steer, to helm

Noun

mua

1. side or end of a land

References

1. Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “muqa.a”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
2. Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 420-1

Further reading

• Gatty, Ronald (2009) “mua”, in Fijian-English Dictionary, Suva, Fiji: Ronald Gatty, →ISBN, page 175

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

mua

1. sailor, mariner

Finnish

Pronoun

mua

1. (colloquial) partitive singular of mä

See also

• minua

Anagrams

• -uma, mau

French

Verb

mua

1. third-person singular past historic of muer

Galician

Verb

mua

1. (reintegrationist norm) inflection of muar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Hawaiian

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *muqa (“first, preceding” – compare with Maori mua, Tahitian mua, Tongan muʻa, Samoan mua),^[1] from Proto-Oceanic *muqa (“to be in front” – ompare with Fijian mua “to head somewhere”) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *muqa (compare with Iban mua).^[2][3]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmu.a/, [ˈmu.wə]

Noun

mua

1. (locative noun) before, in front of, first, ahead, forward, in advance, future, front

   E inu ma mua o ka ʻai.

   Drink before eating.

2. (locative noun) former, foremost, primary, principal
3. (locative noun) previously, beforehand
4. (locative noun) oldest, older sibling
5. (locative noun) senior branch of a family
6. (locative noun) leader, senior partner
7. (locative noun) more than
8. men’s eating house

Derived terms

• muamua
• ʻoumuamua

References

1. Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “mua”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, page 255
2. Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “muqa.a”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
3. Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 420-1

Iban

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *muha, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *muqa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mua/
• Hyphenation: mu‧a

Noun

mua

1. (anatomy) face

Indonesian

Etymology

From Hokkien 鰻 / 鳗 (môa, “eel”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmua̯/
• Hyphenation: mua

Noun

mua

1. eel

   Synonym: belut

Further reading

• “mua” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish muad (“cloud, mist, fumes”), possibly from Proto-Celtic *moudo-.

Noun

mua m (genitive singular mua, nominative plural muanna)

1. clouded apparition, mysterious figure

Declension

Declension of mua (fourth declension)

bare forms case singular plural nominative mua muanna vocative a mhua a mhuanna genitive mua muanna dative mua muanna forms with the definite article case singular plural nominative an mua na muanna genitive an mhua na muanna dative leis an mua don mhua leis na muanna

Mutation

Mutated forms of mua

radical	lenition	eclipsis
mua	mhua	not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “mua”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Karelian

Regional variants of mua

North Karelian (Viena)	mua
South Karelian (Tver)	mua

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *maa. Cognates include Finnish maa and Estonian maa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmuɑ̯/
• Hyphenation: mua

Noun

mua (genitive muan, partitive muata or muada)

1. earth
2. land
3. soil

Declension

Viena Karelian declension of mua (type 6/pimie, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	mua	muat
genitive	muan	maijen
partitive	muata	maita
illative	muah	maih
inessive	muašša	maissa
elative	muašta	maista
adessive	mualla	mailla
ablative	mualta	mailta
translative	muakši	maiksi
essive	muana	maina
comitative	—	maineh
abessive	muatta	maitta

Tver Karelian declension of mua (type 6/pimie, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	mua	muat
genitive	muan	main
partitive	muada	maida
illative	muah	maih
inessive	muašša	maissa
elative	muašta	maista
adessive	mualla	mailla
ablative	mualda	mailda
translative	muakši	maiksi
essive	muana	maina
comitative	muanke	mainke
abessive	muatta	maitta

Possessive forms of mua
1st person	muani
2nd person	muaš
3rd person	muah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

Derived terms

• muailma
• muakondie
• muamykrä / muamygrä

 

References

• A. V. Punzhina (1994) “mua”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
• P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

Livvi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmuɑ̯/
• Hyphenation: mua
• Rhymes: -uɑ̯

Etymology 1

Muadu (1).

From Proto-Finnic *maa. Cognates include Finnish maa and Estonian maa.

Noun

mua (genitive muan, partitive muadu)

1. earth
2. ground, soil
3. world
4. country
5. place, region

Declension

Declension of mua (Type 15/suu, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	mua	muat
genitive	muan	mualoin
partitive	muadu	mualoi
illative	muah	mualoih
inessive	muas	mualois
elative	muaspäi	mualoispäi
allative	muale	mualoile
adessive	mual	mualoil
ablative	mualpäi	mualoilpäi
translative	muakse	mualoikse
essive	muannu	mualoinnu
abessive	muattah	mualoittah
comitative	muanke	mualoinke
instructive		mualoiči
prolative	muači

Etymology 2

Äijy eri mualoi (2).

Related to Veps muja.

Noun

mua (genitive muan, partitive muadu)

1. colour

Declension

Declension of mua (Type 15/suu, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	mua	muat
genitive	muan	mualoin
partitive	muadu	mualoi
illative	muah	mualoih
inessive	muas	mualois
elative	muaspäi	mualoispäi
allative	muale	mualoile
adessive	mual	mualoil
ablative	mualpäi	mualoilpäi
translative	muakse	mualoikse
essive	muannu	mualoinnu
abessive	muattah	mualoittah
comitative	muanke	mualoinke
instructive		mualoiči
prolative	muači

References

• Olga Žarinova (2012) Pagizemmo Karjalakse [Let's speak Karelian], St Petersburg, →ISBN, page 10
• Tatjana Boiko (2019) “mua”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *maa. Cognates include Finnish maa and Veps ma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmuɑ̯/
• Hyphenation: mua
• Rhymes: -uɑ̯

Noun

mua

1. earth
2. country

Declension

Declension of mua (Type 7/mua, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	mua	muad
genitive	muan	muaiden
partitive	muad	muaid
illative	muahe	muaihe
inessive	muas	muaiš
elative	muaspiä	muaišpiä
allative	muale	muaile
adessive	mual	muail
ablative	mualpiä	muailpiä
translative	muaks	muaikš
essive	muan	muain
abessive	muata	muaita
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)

References

• Miikul Pahomov (2016) “mua”, in Учебный словарь литературного людиковского языка‎, page 29

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *muqa (“first, preceding” – compare with Tahitian mua, Tongan muʻa, Samoan mua),^[1] from Proto-Oceanic *muqa (“to be in front” – compare with Fijian mua “to head somewhere”) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *muqa (compare with Iban mua “face”).^[2][3]

Adverb

mua

1. front, forward

ā mua

1. to the future

o mua, i mua

1. former, past, old

References

1. Tregear, Edward (1891) Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary‎, Wellington, New Zealand: Lyon and Blair, pages 257-8
2. Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “muqa.a”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
3. Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2016) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volumes 5: People, body and mind, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 420-1

Further reading

• Williams, Herbert William (1917) “mua”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 248
• “mua” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Mauwake

Noun

mua

1. man

Further reading

• Liisa Berghäll, A grammar of Mauwake (2015, →ISBN
• Mauwake - English dictionary (2007, SIL)

Niuean

Pronoun

mua

1. 2nd person dual pronoun: you two

See also

			singular	dual	plural
1st person			au	maua (exclusive) taua (inclusive)	mautolu (exclusive) tautolu (inclusive)
2nd person			koe	mua	mutolu
3rd person			ia	laua	lautolu

Niuean personal pronouns

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

mua f (definite singular mua, indefinite plural muer or muor, definite plural muene or muone)

1. (pre-2012) alternative form of mue
2. definite singular of mue

Old Galician-Portuguese

Alternative forms

• mũa, muha

Etymology

Inherited from Latin mūla, from mūlus + -a. Doublet of mula.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmua/
• Rhymes: -ua
• Hyphenation: mu‧a

Noun

mua f (plural muas)

1. female equivalent of muu (“female mule”)

   Synonyms: mũacha, mula

   • 13th century, Denis of Portugal, [cantiga 1537]; republished as Angelo Colocci, compiler, Cancioneiro da Biblioteca Nacional, Italy, 1525–c.1526, cantiga 1537:

     Leuoulho roçin e leixoulha mua

     He stole his nag, leaving him his mule.

Descendants

• Fala: múa

References

• Manuel Ferreiro (2014–2024) “mua”, in Universo Cantigas. Edición crítica da poesía medieval galego-portuguesa (in Galician), A Coruña: UDC, →ISSN
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “mua”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “mua”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Noun

mua class III (plural miwa class IV)

1. Alternative spelling of muwa

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [muə˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [muə˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [muə˧˧]

• Audio (Saigon):

  (file)

Etymology 1

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 務 (“to seek”, SV: vụ) (Haudricourt, 1954); cognate with Muong mua.

The common Vietic word for “to buy” is chác (from Proto-Vietic *caːk), now obsolete and mainly used in compounds. See also tậu, a Tai loanword, and sắm, which has originally meaning of "to prepare".

Verb

mua • (𧷸, 模, 謨, 𡃗)

1. to buy; to purchase

   Synonyms: tậu, sắm

   Antonym: bán

2. to bribe; to square
3. to bring upon oneself; to court

Derived terms

Derived terms

• mua bán
• mua buôn
• mua chuộc
• mua dâm
• mua đường
• mua gom
• mua lẻ
• mua sắm
• mua sỉ
• mua việc
• mua vui
• sức mua
• thu mua
• trưng mua

 

Etymology 2

Noun

(classifier cây) mua

1. melastoma (genus Melastoma)