-tek

See also: tek, Tek, and -ték

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tɛk]
• Rhymes: -ɛk

Etymology 1

Suffix

-tek

2. (personal suffix) Forms the second-person plural present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation; exceptionally also in the unmarked subjunctive/imperative form gyertek).

   ‎ebédel (“to lunch”) + ‎-tek → ‎ebédeltek (“you lunch”)

   Ti mikor ebédeltek? ― What time are you having lunch?

4. (possessive suffix) your (second-person plural informal, single possession)

   ‎reggeli (“breakfast”) + ‎-tek → ‎reggelitek (“your breakfast”)

   ‎zene (“music”) + ‎-tek → ‎zenétek (“your music”)

Usage notes

Person		Back     vowel	Front vowel
			unrounded	rounded
én	1st person singular	-ok	-ek	-ök
	-ik verbs (optional)	-om	-em	-öm
te	2nd person singular	-sz
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-asz	-esz
	after s, sz, z, dz	-ol	-el	-öl
ő maga ön	3rd person singular	–
	-ik verbs	-ik
mi	1st person plural	-unk	-ünk
ti	2nd person plural	-tok	-tek	-tök
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-otok	-etek	-ötök
ők maguk önök	3rd person plural	-nak	-nek
	after two consonants or a long vowel + t	-anak	-enek
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing.

    Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes

• (personal suffix) Variants:

  -tok is added to back-vowel verbs

  -tek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs

  -tök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs

  -otok is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít

  -etek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít

  -ötök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít

• (possessive suffix) Variants:

  -tok is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.

  -tek is added to unrounded front-vowel words ending in a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.

  -tök is added to rounded front-vowel words ending in a vowel

  -otok is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -atok is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -etek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ötök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

Etymology 2

From -t (past-tense suffix) +‎ -ek (plural suffix).

Alternative forms

• -tenek (archaic, but only alongside -tek)^[1]

Suffix

-tek

2. (past-tense suffix) Forms the third-person plural past tense of verbs (indefinite conjugation).

   ‎ebédel (“to lunch”) + ‎-tek → ‎ebédeltek (“they (have/had) lunch”)

   Ők mikor ebédeltek? ― What time did they have lunch?

Usage notes

• (past-tense suffix) Variants:

  -tak is added to most back-vowel verbs

  -tek is added to most front-vowel verbs

  -ttak is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, rí, szí; ó, ró; fú)

  -ttek is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (lő, nő, sző; nyű)

  -ottak is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, nyit, except lát)

  -ettek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)

  -öttek is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes

References

1. A mult időben ezzel szemben puszta ‑k a rag: (ők) várta-k, kérte-k. Régibb nyelvünkben ennek is igen gyakran ‑nak, ‑nek volt a ragja, pl. várta-nak, kérte-nek, de SZINNYEI (Hunf. Alb. 42 ) bebizonyította, hogy a kétféle mult idejű alak közül a -k ragos az eredetibb, s hogy а ‑nak, ‑nek ragos csak analógia eredménye: a vár : várnak-féle irányító sorok hatása alatt várt mellé is keletkezett többes vártanak alak. Ez az analógiás eredelű vártanak, kértenek alak azonban nem tudott véglegesen győzedelmeskedni; a köznyelvből lassanként ismét kiveszett, s ma már csak itt-ott a nyelvjárásokban van meg. In: Antal Horger (Q1055098). A magyar igeragozás története (’The History of Hungarian Conjugation’), Szeged: 1931, page 32.