-kas
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "kas"
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-k'as. Cognate to Finnish -kas.
Suffix
-kas (genitive -ka, partitive -kat)
- Derives adjectives from some nouns
- Derives nouns, often colloquial.
Derived terms
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-k'as. Equivalent to -kka + -as.
Suffix
-kas (front vowel harmony variant -käs, linguistic notation -kAs)
- -y, -ful; a suffix that can be used to turn many, but not all, nouns into adjectives that indicate abundant presence of the thing expressed by the noun.
- kukka (“flower”) + -kas → kukikas (“flower-patterned”)
- raha (“money”) + -kas → rahakas (“lucrative”)
- taito (“skill”) + -kas → taidokas (“skilful”)
- voima (“power”) + -kas → voimakas (“powerful”)
- ääni (“noise”) + -kas → äänekäs (“noisy”)
- harteet (“shoulders”) + -kas → harteikas (“broad-shouldered”)
- nenä (“nose”) + -kas → nenäkäs (“saucy”)
- Forms nouns chacterized by an abundance of the base word.
- -ish; a suffix that forms moderative adjectives; rare in standard Finnish.
- Forms nouns indicating a concept associated with the base word from nouns or verbs.
Usage notes
When the suffix is added to the noun, the stem changes in accordance with consonant gradation. The suffix is added to the plural stem on most hame-type nouns and in many cases of other non-mass concrete nouns, e.g. maine → maineikas instead of **maineekas, kukka → kukikas instead of **kukakas.
Declension
Inflection of -kas (Kotus type 41*A/vieras, kk-k gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -kas | -kkaat | |
genitive | -kkaan | -kkaiden -kkaitten | |
partitive | -kasta | -kkaita | |
illative | -kkaaseen | -kkaisiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -kas | -kkaat | |
accusative | nom. | -kas | -kkaat |
gen. | -kkaan | ||
genitive | -kkaan | -kkaiden -kkaitten -kasten rare | |
partitive | -kasta | -kkaita | |
inessive | -kkaassa | -kkaissa | |
elative | -kkaasta | -kkaista | |
illative | -kkaaseen | -kkaisiin -kkaihin rare | |
adessive | -kkaalla | -kkailla | |
ablative | -kkaalta | -kkailta | |
allative | -kkaalle | -kkaille | |
essive | -kkaana | -kkaina | |
translative | -kkaaksi | -kkaiksi | |
abessive | -kkaatta | -kkaitta | |
instructive | — | -kkain | |
comitative | — | -kkaine |
Possessive forms of -kas (Kotus type 41*A/vieras, kk-k gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
Anagrams
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-k'as. Cognates include Finnish -kas and Estonian -kas.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-kas (front vowel variant -käs)
- Forms adjectives describing an abundancy of a noun; -ful
Usage notes
- In its polysyllabic oblique forms, -kas gets the secondary stress in words with polysyllabic stems.
Declension
Declension of -kas (type 2/patsas, kk-k gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -kas | -kkaat |
genitive | -kkaan | -kkain |
partitive | -kasta, -kast | -kkaita, -kkaja |
illative | -kkaasse | -kkaisse |
inessive | -kkaas | -kkais |
elative | -kkaast | -kkaist |
allative | -kkaalle | -kkaille |
adessive | -kkaal | -kkail |
ablative | -kkaalt | -kkailt |
translative | -kkaaks | -kkaiks |
essive | -kkaanna, -kkaan | -kkainna, -kkain |
exessive1) | -kkaant | -kkaint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
Soikkola declension of -kas (type 2/kalakas, kk-k gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | -kas | -kkahat -kkaat |
genitive | -kkahan | -kkahhiin |
partitive | -kasta | -kkahhia |
illative | -kkahasse | -kkahisse |
inessive | -kkahas | -kkahis |
elative | -kkahast | -kkahist |
allative | -kkahalle | -kkahille |
adessive | -kkahal | -kkahil |
ablative | -kkahalt | -kkahilt |
translative | -kkahaks | -kkahiks |
essive | -kkahhaan | -kkahhiin |
exessive1) | -kkahhant | -kkahhint |
1) Obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) | ||
Derived terms
See also
References
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