-ettelek

See also: ettelek

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛtːɛlɛk]

Etymology 1

From -ett (past-tense suffix) +‎ -elek (first-person singular suffix for second-person object).

Suffix

-ettelek

1. (past-tense suffix) Forms the first-person singular past tense of verbs with second-person object (definite conjugation).

   ‎fest (“to paint”) + ‎-ettelek → ‎festettelek (“I (have/had) painted you”)

   ‎ért (“to understand”) + ‎-ettelek → ‎értettelek (“I understood you”)

   ‎segít (“to help”) + ‎-ettelek → ‎segítettelek (“I (have/had) helped you”)

Usage notes

• (past-tense suffix) Variants:

  -talak is added to most back-vowel verbs

  -telek is added to most front-vowel verbs

  -ttalak is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, fú, ó, ró, rí, szí)

  -ttelek is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (lő, nyű, sző)

  -ottalak is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, nyit, except lát)

  -ettelek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)

  -öttelek is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)

Etymology 2

From -et (causative suffix) +‎ -t (past-tense suffix) +‎ -elek (first-person singular suffix for second-person object).

Suffix

-ettelek

1. (past-tense causative suffix) Forms the first-person plural causative past tense of verbs (with a second-person object), used with -val/-vel, e.g. vele, velük etc., otherwise coinciding with the above forms.

   ‎fest (“to paint”) + ‎-ettelek → ‎festettelek (“I made someone paint you [I commissioned someone to make a painting of you]”)

Usage notes

Homonymy exists between regular and causative past tense forms of consonant + t types of front-vowel verbs, in all the six persons, both with definite and indefinite endings, except for the third-person singular indefinite form (-ettem, -ettél, –, -ettünk, -ettetek, -ettek; -ettem, -etted, -ette, -ettük, -ettétek, -ették; -ettelek). On the other hand, other types of front-vowel verbs as well as back-vowel verbs take different forms for the regular and the causative past tense (e.g. -ottam and -attam, e.g. ugrottam and ugrattam among similar back-vowel verbs, other front-vowel verb types having clearly distinct forms: kértem vs. kérettem, kerestem vs. kerestettem). However, the -val/-vel argument is compulsory with the causative sense, so it makes the distinction easier (e.g. megértettem velük a különbséget – “I made them understand the difference”).

See also

• Category:Hungarian verb forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes