-end

See also: end, END, End, end-, and энд

English

Alternative forms

• -and

Etymology

From Latin -endus, a gerundive ending, related to -andus.

Suffix

-end

1. Forming nouns denoting patients or recipients of actions.

   addend, subtrahend, dividend

Synonyms

• (a patient): -and, -ee, -ed

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “a patient”): -er, -or, -ing

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -end

Anagrams

• DEN, DNE, Den, Den., NDE, NED, Ned, den, edn., ned

German

Etymology

From Middle High German -ende, from Old High German -enti, -anti, from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending). Cognate with Dutch -end, Old English -ende. See English -and, -ing for more.

The gerundive use of the present participle goes back to the dative form of the Middle High German infinitive, which was sometimes enhanced with -d- through interaction with the present participle: ze lesene → ze lesende (“to read”). Placed before the noun, this construction was then reinterpreted as actually involving a participle, which lead to grammatical agreement: das zu lesende Buch, and thus by analogy ein zu lesendes Buch (“a book to [be] read”). Compare the etymologically correct construction in Dutch het/een te lezen boek.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ənt/

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

-end

1. A suffix forming the present participle of German verbs, analogous to English -ing.

   Weinend rief sie bei mir an. ― Crying, she called me [on the telephone].

   Die tanzenden Mädchen sind hübsch. ― The dancing girls are pretty.

   Er inseriert die zu vermietende Wohnung. (Gerundive use, cf. etymology above) ― He places an advert for the flat to be let out.

Hungarian

Etymology

From -amod / -emed.^[1][2]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɛnd]

Suffix

-end

2. (instantaneous suffix, rare) Added to a stem to form a verb with an instantaneous meaning.

   ör(öm) (“joy”), ör(ül) (“to be glad”) → örvend (“to rejoice at something”)

4. (personal suffix, archaic) Added to a verb to form the future tense.

   Synonyms: majd, fog + infinitive

   te(nni) (“to do or put”) → teend (“s/he will do or put [something]”)

   le(nni) (“to be”) → leend (“s/he will be”)

Usage notes

• (both senses) Variants:

  -and is added to back-vowel verbs

  -end is added to front-vowel verbs

Derived terms

• -endő

References

1. -end in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
2. Kiss, Jenő and Ferenc Pusztai (eds.). A magyar nyelvtörténet kézikönyve (’A Handbook of Hungarian Linguistic History’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2018, page 145, section 3.2., →ISBN

Ojibwe

Final

-end

1. act by thought on
2. perceive by thought
3. feel in the mind

Derived terms

• andawendan (“need, want”)
• ganawendan (“take care of, protect, keep”)
• gikendan (“know, realize, find out”)
• inendam (“think, decide, agree, consent”)
• maamakaadendaagwad (“be amazing, astonishing”)
• maanendam (“feel bad, depressed”)
• minwendam (“be happy, joyous, have a good time”)

References

• The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/end-final

Old English

Alternative forms

• -and, -nd

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *-andi, from Proto-Germanic *-andz, taken from the present participle form of verbs. See -ende.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /end/

Suffix

-end

1. suffix denoting the agent of an action; -er

   ‎āgan (“to own”) + ‎-end → ‎āgend (“owner”)

   ‎hǣlan (“to save”) + ‎-end → ‎hǣlend (“savior”)

   ‎lufian (“to love”) + ‎-end → ‎lufiend (“lover”)

   ‎sċildan (“to protect”) + ‎-end → ‎sċildend (“protector”)

   ‎timbran (“to build”) + ‎-end → ‎timbrend (“builder”)

Declension

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	-end	-end, -ende, -endas
accusative	-end	-end, -ende, -endas
genitive	-endes	-endra
dative	-ende	-endum

Declension of -end (strong nd-stem)

Synonyms

• -a
• -ere

Derived terms

Old English terms suffixed with -end