𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍃

Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hailagaz. By surface analysis, 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (hails) +‎ -𐌰𐌲𐍃 (-ags). Attested in only one instance, as a runic inscription on the Ring of Pietroassa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɛː.laxs/

Adjective

𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍃 • (hailags)

1. (hapax) holy, sacred

   ᚷᚢᛏᚨᚾᛁᛟᚹᛁᚺᚨᛁᛚᚨᚷ

   gutaniowihailag

Usage notes

• The exact semantic differences between 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌷𐍃 (weihs) and the far rarer 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌺𐌽𐍃 (airkns) and 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍃 (hailags) are unclear. The latter two however are only attested once, whereas weihs is one of the best-attested words of the Gothic language. Airkns is only found in the Gothic Bible in affixed form (and then rarely, but it is attested as simplex in the Ostrogothic sermon recorded in the Gothica Bononiensia) with an apparent meaning leaning towards sincerity (especially sincerity of faith), and hailags is only found in a difficult-to-interpret early runic inscription from an apparently pagan context (although the pagan nature of the ring has been disputed in recent scholarship: see Mees and Markey 2018).

Declension

Attested only once, in the Runic: ᚺᚨᛁᛚᚨᚷ (hailag); lemmatization at the Biblical Gothic uncial script here is done only as a matter of convention.

A-stem
Strong (indefinite) inflection
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍃 hailags	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰 hailaga	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲, 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰 hailag, hailagata
Accusative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰 hailagana	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰 hailaga	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲, 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰 hailag, hailagata
Genitive	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 hailagis	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 hailagaizōs	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 hailagis
Dative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 hailagamma	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹 hailagai	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 hailagamma
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹 hailagai	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍉𐍃 hailagōs	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰 hailaga
Accusative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃 hailagans	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍉𐍃 hailagōs	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰 hailaga
Genitive	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 hailagaizē	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐍉 hailagaizō	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌴 hailagaizē
Dative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼 hailagaim	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼 hailagaim	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼 hailagaim
Weak (definite) inflection
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰 hailaga	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍉 hailagō	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍉 hailagō
Accusative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽 hailagan	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽 hailagōn	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍉 hailagō
Genitive	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍃 hailagins	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍃 hailagōns	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍃 hailagins
Dative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽 hailagin	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽 hailagōn	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽 hailagin
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃 hailagans	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍃 hailagōns	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽𐌰 hailagōna
Accusative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐍃 hailagans	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍃 hailagōns	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽𐌰 hailagōna
Genitive	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌴 hailaganē	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌽𐍉 hailagōnō	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌴 hailaganē
Dative	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼 hailagam	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐍉𐌼 hailagōm	𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼 hailagam

References

• Bernard Mees and Thomas L. Markey, 'The Pietroasele Torc and the Conversion of the Goths', Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 78.4 (2018)