가지다

Korean

Alternative forms

• 갖다 (gatda) (contraction)

Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 가지〮다〮 (Yale: kàcí-tá). Possibly borrowed from Manchu ᡤᠠᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ (gajimbi, “to bring”).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠d͡ʑida̠]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul: [가지다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	gajida
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	gajida
McCune–Reischauer?	kajida
Yale Romanization?	kacita

Verb

가지다 • (gajida) (infinitive 가져 or 가지어, sequential 가지니)

1. to have, to possess

   왜 세계지도를 가지고 있지?

   wae segyejido-reul gajigo itji?

   Why do you have a map of the world?

   Original English texts from 2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

2. to hold or bear a specific attitude or idea

   실험이 끝난 다음에 모두 그 결과에 관심을 가졌다.

   Silheom-i kkeunnan da'eum-e modu geu gyeolgwa-e gwansim-eul gajeotda.

   The experiment having been made, everybody was interested in the results. (lit. took an interest in)

3. to bear or conceive a child
4. to hold (organize) an event or meeting

   모임을 가지다 ― moim-eul gajida ― to hold a meeting / gathering

Conjugation

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	가진다 gajinda	가져 gajeo	가져요, 가지어요 gajeoyo, gajieoyo	가집니다 gajimnida
	Past	가졌다 gajeotda	가졌어 gajeosseo	가졌어요 gajeosseoyo	가졌습니다 gajeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	가지느냐 gajineunya	가져 gajeo	가져요, 가지어요 gajeoyo, gajieoyo	가집니까 gajimnikka
	Past	가졌느냐 gajeonneunya	가졌어 gajeosseo	가졌어요 gajeosseoyo	가졌습니까 gajeotseumnikka
Hortative		가지자 gajija	가져 gajeo	가져요, 가지어요 gajeoyo, gajieoyo	가지십시다 gajisipsida
Imperative		가져라, 가지어라 gajeora, gajieora	가져 gajeo	가져요, 가지어요 gajeoyo, gajieoyo	가집시오 gajipsio
Assertive		가지겠다 gajigetda	가지겠어 gajigesseo	가지겠어요 gajigesseoyo	가지겠습니다 gajigetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		가져 gajeo	가져서, 가지어서 gajeoseo, gajieoseo	가지니 gajini	가지니까 gajinikka
Contrast		가지지만 gajijiman	가지는데 gajineunde	가지더니 gajideoni
Conjunction		가지고 gajigo
Condition		가지면 gajimyeon	가져야, 가지어야 gajeoya, gajieoya
Motive		가지려고 gajiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		가짐 gajim	가지기 gajigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		가졌음, 가지었음 gajeosseum, gajieosseum	가졌기, 가지었기 gajeotgi, gajieotgi
Determiners	Past	가진 gajin
	Present	가지는 gajineun
	Future	가질 gajil

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	가지신다 gajisinda	가지셔 gajisyeo	가지세요, 가지셔요 gajiseyo, gajisyeoyo	가지십니다 gajisimnida
	Past	가지셨다 gajisyeotda	가지셨어 gajisyeosseo	가지셨어요 gajisyeosseoyo	가지셨습니다 gajisyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	가지시느냐 gajisineunya	가지셔 gajisyeo	가지세요, 가지셔요 gajiseyo, gajisyeoyo	가지십니까 gajisimnikka
	Past	가지셨느냐 gajisyeonneunya	가지셨어 gajisyeosseo	가지셨어요 gajisyeosseoyo	가지셨습니까 gajisyeotseumnikka
Imperative		가지시라 gajisira	가지셔 gajisyeo	가지세요 gajiseyo	가지십시오 gajisipsio
Assertive		가지시겠다 gajisigetda	가지시겠어 gajisigesseo	가지시겠어요 gajisigesseoyo	가지시겠습니다 gajisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		가지셔 gajisyeo	가지셔서 gajisyeoseo	가지시니 gajisini	가지시니까 gajisinikka
Contrast		가지시지만 gajisijiman	가지시는데 gajisineunde	가지시더니 gajisideoni
Conjunction		가지시고 gajisigo
Condition		가지시면 gajisimyeon	가지셔야 gajisyeoya
Motive		가지시려고 gajisiryeogo
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		가지심 gajisim	가지시기 gajisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		가지셨음 gajisyeosseum	가지셨기 gajisyeotgi
Determiners	Past	가지신 gajisin
	Present	가지시는 gajisineun
	Future	가지실 gajisil

    Selected forms of the verb 가지다 (gajida): vowel-stem, regular

Derived terms

• 가져가다 (gajeogada)
• 가져다주다 (gajeodajuda)
• 가져오다 (gajeooda)

See also

• 있다 (itda, “to be, to have”)

Middle Korean

Etymology

Possibly related to Manchu ᡤᠠᠵᡳᠮᠪᡳ (gajimbi, “to bring”).

Pronunciation

• (Morphophonemic) IPA^(key): ⫽kàt͡sítá⫽

Verb

가지〮다〮 (kàcítá) (infinitive 가져〮, sequential 가지〮니〮)

1. (transitive) to bring, to carry, to have on
   • 1459, 월인석보 (Worin Seokbo), volume 20, page 86a:

     엇뎨 ᄎᆞ마 그 ᄂᆞᆺ 가지고 도라온다​

     estyey choma ku nos kaci-kwo twol-a-wo-nta​

     How do you dare to bring that face here with you?

Descendants

• Korean: 가져오다 (gajeooda)