養育

See also: 养育

Chinese

		give birth; keep (pets); to support give birth; keep (pets); to support; to bring someone up; to raise (pig, etc.)	nourish; to rear
trad. (養育)		養	育
simp. (养育)		养	育

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	養	育
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	餘兩切	余六切
Baxter	yangX	yuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨɐŋX/	/jɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɐŋX/	/jiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iɑŋX/	/iuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨaŋX/	/juwk̚/
Li Rong	/iaŋX/	/iuk̚/
Wang Li	/jĭaŋX/	/jĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯aŋX/	/i̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎng	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joeng5	juk6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	養	育
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎng	yù
Middle Chinese	‹ yangX ›	‹ yuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]aŋʔ/	/*m-quk/
English	nourish, raise	breed, produce
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	養	育
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	14613	15984
Phonetic component	養	育
Rime group	陽	覺
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	養	育
Old Chinese	/*laŋʔ/	/*luɡ/
Notes	說文羊聲	說文肉聲非，實毓右隸變

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǎngyù

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˇ ㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng⁵ juk⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yông-yuk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ióng-io̍k / iáng-io̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iang² iog⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǎngyù
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˇ ㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǎngyù
    • Wade–Giles: yang³-yü⁴
    • Yale: yǎng-yù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeangyuh
    • Palladius: янъюй (janʺjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ y⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: joeng⁵ juk⁶
    • Yale: yéuhng yuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: joeng⁵ juk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yêng⁵ yug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːŋ¹³ jʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông-yuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: iong^ˊ iug^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yong¹ yug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯oŋ²⁴ i̯uk̚²/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông-yuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iong^ˊ (r)iug^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yong¹ yug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯oŋ²⁴ (j)i̯uk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng-io̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ióng-io̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iofng'iok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iáng-io̍k
    • Tâi-lô: iáng-io̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iafng'iok
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /iaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /iaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔk̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: iang² iog⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iáng io̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /iaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ iok̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: yangX yuwk

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]aŋʔ  m-quk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*laŋʔ  luɡ/

Verb

養育

1. to foster; to rear; to bring up

Synonyms

edit

• 供養／供养
• 保 (bǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
• 奉養／奉养
• 扶養／扶养 (fúyǎng)
• 撫育／抚育 (fǔyù)
• 撫養／抚养 (fǔyǎng)
• 渡子 (Hakka, to raise a child)
• 育兒／育儿 (yù'ér) (to raise a child)
• 贍養／赡养 (shànyǎng)
• 邀飼／邀饲 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 鞠養／鞠养 (jūyǎng) (literary)
• 養活／养活 (yǎnghuo) (colloquial)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (養育):

• → Japanese: 養育(よういく) (yōiku)
• → Korean: 양육(養育) (yang'yuk)
• → Vietnamese: dưỡng dục (養育)