艱辛

See also: 艰辛

Chinese

		difficult; hard; hardship	8th heavenly stem; tired
trad. (艱辛)		艱	辛
simp. (艰辛)		艰	辛

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiānxīn

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan¹ san¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kan-sin / kian-sin

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiānxīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiansin
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹-hsin¹
    • Yale: jyān-syīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianshin
    • Palladius: цзяньсинь (czjanʹsinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaan¹ san¹
    • Yale: gāan sān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaan¹ san¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gan¹ sen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːn⁵⁵ sɐn⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-sin
    • Tâi-lô: kan-sin
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kansyn
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴⁻³³ sin⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ sin³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian-sin
    • Tâi-lô: kian-sin
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiensyn
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² sin⁴⁴/

Adjective

艱辛

1. difficult; arduous

   不辭艱辛／不辞艰辛  ―  bùcí jiānxīn  ―  despite hardships

Synonyms

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• 不容易 (bùróngyì)
• 勤 (qín) (literary, or in compounds)
• 困難 / 困难
• 疑難 / 疑难 (yínán)
• 良苦 (liángkǔ) (literary)
• 艱巨 / 艰巨 (jiānjù)
• 艱苦 / 艰苦 (jiānkǔ)
• 艱難 / 艰难 (jiānnán)
• 苦難 / 苦难 (kǔnàn)
• 辛勞 / 辛劳 (xīnláo)
• 辛苦 (xīnkǔ)
• 難 / 难

• (regional) 巴巴結結／巴巴结结 (bāba-jiējiē)

Derived terms

• 歷盡艱辛 / 历尽艰辛 (lìjìnjiānxīn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (艱辛):

• → Korean: 간신(艱辛) (gansin)
• → Vietnamese: gian tân (艱辛)