自然

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Chinese

More information from; self; oneselffrom; self; oneself; since, so; thus; like thisso; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right ...
from; self; oneself
from; self; oneself; since
 
so; thus; like this
so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
 
trad. (自然)
simp. #(自然)
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Etymology

Attested earliest in the Tao Te Ching:

Pronunciation

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自然
自燃
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More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (15) (38)
Final () (15) (77)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter dzijH nyen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ziɪH/ /ȵiᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ziH/ /ȵiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡zjɪH/ /ȵʑjæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ziH/ /ȵian/
Li
Rong
/d͡ziH/ /ȵiɛn/
Wang
Li
/d͡ziH/ /ȵʑĭɛn/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/d͡zʱiH/ /ȵʑi̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
rán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zi6 jin4
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More information Character, Reading # ...
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
rán
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzijH › ‹ nyen ›
Old
Chinese
/*s.[b]i[t]-s/ /*[n]a[n]/
English self (adv.) so, thus; (adv suffix)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 17879 10756
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɦljids/ /*njen/
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Note: zìran - only when meaning "at ease".

Noun

自然

  1. nature; the natural world
    愛護自然爱护自然   àihù zìrán   to cherish nature
    親近自然亲近自然   qīnjìn zìrán   to get close to nature

Synonyms

Adjective

自然

  1. natural; of or relating to nature
    自然美麗自然美丽   zìrán měilì   natural beauty
  2. natural; at ease; without strain

Usage notes

To describe things literally produced by nature, use the attributive 天然 (tiānrán) instead.

Synonyms

Adverb

自然

  1. naturally; in a natural manner
  2. naturally; of course; as a matter of course

Synonyms

Conjunction

自然

  1. admittedly

Derived terms

Japanese

Korean

Okinawan

Vietnamese

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