脛

See also: 胫

脛 U+811B, 脛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-811B ← 脚 [U+811A] CJK Unified Ideographs 脜 → [U+811C]

Translingual

Han character

脛 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 月一女一 (BMVM), four-corner 7121₁, composition ⿰月巠)

Derived characters

• 𪡿, 𣻽

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 983, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29504
• Dae Jaweon: page 1435, character 24
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2077, character 9
• Unihan data for U+811B

Chinese

trad.		脛
simp.		胫
alternative forms		踁／胫

Glyph origin

	Old Chinese
葝	*ɡeŋ, *ɡeŋ
頸	*keŋʔ, *ɡeŋ
勁	*kɯns, *keŋs
鑋	*kʰeŋ, *kʰeːŋs
輕	*kʰeŋ, *kʰeŋs
涇	*ɡeŋʔ, *keːŋ
經	*keːŋ, *keːŋs
鵛	*keːŋ
巠	*keːŋ
剄	*keːŋʔ
烴	*keːŋʔ
徑	*keːŋs
逕	*keːŋs
桱	*keːŋs
蛵	*qʰeːŋ
陘	*ɡeːŋ
鋞	*ɡeːŋ, *ɡeːŋʔ
脛	*ɡeːŋʔ, *ɡeːŋs
踁	*ɡeːŋs

Characters in the same phonetic series (巠) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeːŋʔ, *ɡeːŋs) : semantic 肉 (“meat”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ)

Etymology

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kja-ŋ (“foot”) (STEDT), whence Tibetan རྐང་པ (rkang pa, “foot; leg; stem; stalk”).

莖 (OC *ɡreːŋ, “stalk”) is also compared to the above Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemma.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	脛	脛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	青 (125)	青 (125)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	IV
Fanqie	胡頂切	胡定切
Baxter	hengX	hengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦeŋX/	/ɦeŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦeŋX/	/ɦeŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛŋX/	/ɣɛŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛjŋX/	/ɦɛjŋH/
Li Rong	/ɣeŋX/	/ɣeŋH/
Wang Li	/ɣieŋX/	/ɣieŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣieŋX/	/ɣieŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xìng	xìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing6	jing6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	脛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jìng
Middle Chinese	‹ hengH ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kʰˁeŋ-s/
English	leg, shank
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	脛	脛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6815	6816
Phonetic component	巠	巠
Rime group	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	婞	脛
Old Chinese	/*ɡeːŋʔ/	/*ɡeːŋs/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jìng (jing⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging³

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jìng
    • Wade–Giles: ching⁴
    • Yale: jìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
    • Palladius: цзин (czin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ging³
    • Yale: ging
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging³
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: hengX, hengH

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kʰˤeŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːŋʔ/, /*ɡeːŋs/

Definitions

脛

1. shinbone
2. lower leg

Compounds

• 不脛而走／不胫而走 (bùjìng'érzǒu)
• 無脛而行／无胫而行
• 脛脛／胫胫
• 脛衣／胫衣
• 脛骨／胫骨 (jìnggǔ)
• 腳脛／脚胫
• 蝨脛蟣肝／虱胫虮肝

 

Descendants

• → Proto-Tai: *ɣeːŋᴮ
  • Lao: ແຄ່ງ (khǣng)
  • Shan: ၶႅင်ႈ (khēng)
  • Thai: แข้ง (kɛ̂ng)

References

• “脛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

Shinjitai (extended)	𦙾
Kyūjitai	脛

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 脛

脛

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𦙾)

1. shin

Readings

• Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)^{←ぎやう (gyau, historical)}
• Kan-on: けい (kei)^{←けい (kei, historical)}
• Kun: すね (sune, 脛)、はぎ (hagi, 脛)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
脛
すね Hyōgai
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
臑 腨 脚 髄

From Old Japanese すね (sune, “marrow”); appears in the Kojiki (712) in the name of a deity: 登美能那賀須泥毘古 (to₂mi₁-no₂-naga-sune-bi₁ko₁), whose name is also attested logographically in the Nihon Shoki (720) as 長髄彦.^[1][2]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) すね [sùnéꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[2][3][4]
• IPA^(key): [sɨne̞]

• (Kyoto) す​ね [súꜜnè] (Kōki)^[2]

Noun

脛(すね) • (sune) 

1. [from 712] the front area of the leg between the knee and the ankle: the shin

Usage notes

This is the most common term for "shin" in Japanese.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
脛
はぎ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese はぎ (pagi₁). Attested in Shōsōin documents from 740 with the spelling 波岐 (pagi₁).^[5][6] Also attested in the Hitachi no kuni Fudoki in the form 夜都賀波岐 (ya-tuka-pagi₁, “indigenous people < a person with a long shin”).^[5] In turn, reconstructed as deriving from Proto-Japonic *panki.

As seen below, the pitch accent of this word in the Heian period contains a rising pitch in the first syllable, and Ryukyuan cognates show reflexes of proto-Ryukyuan class C, which is rare for class 3 accent words, hinting at some kind of contraction.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) はぎ [hàgíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[6][3][4]
• IPA^(key): [ha̠ɡʲi]

• (Kyoto) は​ぎ [háꜜgì] (Kōki)^[6]

• Historical evolution of the Kyoto pitch accent

• (the Heian period) RL
• (the Kamakura period) HL?

※ H for high and flat syllables (◌́), L for low and flat syllables (◌̀), F for high-to-low syllables (◌̂), R for low-to-high syllables (◌̌).
※ References: ^[6]

Noun

脛(はぎ) • (hagi) 

1. [from 740] the shin
2. [from 1254] the leg of a wild animal

References

1. Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 390
2. “すね 【脛・臑・腨・脚・髄】”, in 日本国語大辞典‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
5. Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 573
6. “はぎ 【脛】”, in 日本国語大辞典‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

• Unknown (794) Yoshinori Kobayashi, editor, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (Kojisho Ongi Shūsei) (in Japanese), volume 1, Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

脛 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

脛: Hán Nôm readings: hĩnh; hỉnh; hểnh; kinh; cảnh

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.