聞こゆ

Japanese

Kanji in this term
聞
き Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Etymology

⟨ki₁ka yu⟩ → ⟨ki₁ko₂yu⟩ → */kʲikəju/ → /kikoju/

From Old Japanese. Cognate with Kunigami ひかーりん (hikaːrin) ～ しかーりん (ɕikaːriɴ), Okinawan ちくぃーゆん (tɕikwiːyuɴ), Miyako きぅかいいぅ (kɿkaiɿ). Classical form of Modern Japanese 聞こえる (kikoeru).

Derived from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 聞く (kiku, “to hear, listen”) kika + ゆ (-yu, attributive suffix).^[1][2]

Verb

聞(き)こゆ • (kikoyu) intransitive ^†nidan

1. (archaic) to be heard
2. (archaic) to be audible
3. (archaic, humble) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

   Synonyms: 申す (mōsu), 申し上げる (mōshiageru)

Conjugation

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	聞こえ	きこえ	kikoe
Continuative (連用形)	聞こえ	きこえ	kikoe
Terminal (終止形)	聞こゆ	きこゆ	kikoyu
Attributive (連体形)	聞こゆる	きこゆる	kikoyuru
Realis (已然形)	聞こゆれ	きこゆれ	kikoyure
Imperative (命令形)	聞こえよ	きこえよ	kikoeyo
Key constructions
Negative	聞こえず	きこえず	kikoezu
Contrasting conjunction	聞こゆれど	きこゆれど	kikoyuredo
Causal conjunction	聞こゆれば	きこゆれば	kikoyureba
Conditional conjunction	聞こえば	きこえば	kikoeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	聞こえき	きこえき	kikoeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	聞こえけり	きこえけり	kikoekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	聞こえつ	きこえつ	kikoetu
Perfect tense (natural event)	聞こえぬ	きこえぬ	kikoenu
Perfect-continuative tense	聞こえたり	きこえたり	kikoetari
Volitional	聞こえむ	きこえむ	kikoemu

Classical conjugation of "聞こゆ" (ヤ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 聞(き)こえる (kikoeru, modern form)
• 聞(き)こえ (kikoe, continuative form)
• 聞(き)こえ合(あ)う (kikoeau)
• 聞(き)こえ出(い)づ (kikoeizu)
• 聞(き)こえ返(かえ)す (kikoekaesu)
• 聞(き)こえ通(かよ)う (kikoekayō)
• 聞(き)こえ交(か)わす (kikoekawasu)
• 聞(き)こえ言(ご)つ (kikoegotsu)
• 聞(き)こえ止(さ)す (kikoesasu)
• 聞(き)こえ遣(や)る (kikoeyaru)
• 事(こと)の聞(き)こえ (koto no kikoe)
• 取(と)り聞(き)こゆ (torikikoyu)
• 物(もの)聞(き)こゆ (monokikoyu)
• 鶏犬(けいけん)相(あい)聞(き)こゆ (keiken aikikoyu)
• 丸(まる)聞(ぎ)こえ (marugikoe)
• 物(も)の聞(のき)こえ (mono no kikoe)
• 世(よ)の聞(き)こゆ (yo no kikoyu)

Proverbs

• 鶴(つる)九皐(きゅうこう)に鳴(な)き声(こえ)天(てん)に聞(き)こゆ (tsuru kyūkō ni nakikoe ten ni kikoyu)

References

1. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Old Japanese

Etymology

Derived from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 聞く (ki₁ku, “to hear, listen”) ki₁ka + ゆ (-yu, attributive suffix).

Verb

聞こゆ (ki₁ko₂yu) (kana きこゆ)

1. to be heard
   • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 14, poem 3438:
     , text here

     都武賀野尓須受我於等伎許由可牟思太能等能乃奈可知師登我里須良思母

     Tumugano₁ ni suzu ga oto₂ ki₁ko₂yu Kamusida no₂ to₂no₂ no₂ nakati si to₂gari sura simo

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Conjugation

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	聞こえ	きこえ	kikoe
Continuative (連用形)	聞こえ	きこえ	kikoe
Terminal (終止形)	聞こゆ	きこゆ	kikoyu
Attributive (連体形)	聞こゆる	きこゆる	kikoyuru
Realis (已然形)	聞こゆれ	きこゆれ	kikoyure
Imperative (命令形)	聞こえよ	きこえよ	kikoeyo
Key constructions
Negative	聞こえず	きこえず	kikoezu
Contrasting conjunction	聞こゆれど	きこゆれど	kikoyuredo
Causal conjunction	聞こゆれば	きこゆれば	kikoyureba
Conditional conjunction	聞こえば	きこえば	kikoeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	聞こえき	きこえき	kikoeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	聞こえけり	きこえけり	kikoekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	聞こえつ	きこえつ	kikoetu
Perfect tense (natural event)	聞こえぬ	きこえぬ	kikoenu
Perfect-continuative tense	聞こえたり	きこえたり	kikoetari
Volitional	聞こえむ	きこえむ	kikoemu

Classical conjugation of "聞こゆ" (ヤ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Descendants

• Japanese: 聞こゆ (kikoyu)