羊羹

Chinese

Etymology 1

		caprid	soup
trad. (羊羹)		羊	羹
simp. #(羊羹)		羊	羹

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yánggēng

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˊ ㄍㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng⁴ gang¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yánggēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˊ ㄍㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yánggeng
    • Wade–Giles: yang²-kêng¹
    • Yale: yáng-gēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanggeng
    • Palladius: янгэн (jangɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ³⁵ kɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: joeng⁴ gang¹
    • Yale: yèuhng gāng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: joeng⁴ gang¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yêng⁴ geng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːŋ²¹ kɐŋ⁵⁵/

Noun

羊羹

1. lamb soup; lamb broth

Synonyms

• 羊湯／羊汤

Etymology 2

		caprid	soup
trad. (羊羹)		羊	羹
simp. #(羊羹)		羊	羹
alternative forms		洋羹

Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 羊羹(ようかん) (yōkan), in turn from Chinese.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yánggēng

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˊ ㄍㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng⁴ gang¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yòng-kâng

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yánggēng
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˊ ㄍㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yánggeng
    • Wade–Giles: yang²-kêng¹
    • Yale: yáng-gēng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanggeng
    • Palladius: янгэн (jangɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ³⁵ kɤŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: joeng⁴ gang¹
    • Yale: yèuhng gāng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: joeng⁴ gang¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yêng⁴ geng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːŋ²¹ kɐŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yòng-kâng
    • Hakka Romanization System: iong^ˇ gang^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yong² gang¹
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯oŋ¹¹ kaŋ²⁴/

Noun

羊羹

1. yokan

Synonyms

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		羊羹
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	羊羹
Cantonese	Hong Kong	羊羹
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	羊羹
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	羊羹
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	羊羹
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	羊羹
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	羊羹
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	羊羹
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	羊羹
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	羊羹
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	羊羹
Southern Min	New Taipei (Tamsui)	羊羹, 菜燕糖
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	羊羹
	Kaohsiung	羊羹, 菜燕糖
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	羊羹
	Yilan (Toucheng)	羊羹
	Tainan (Anping)	羊羹
	Penghu (Xiyu)	羊羹

Dialectal synonyms of 羊羹 (“yokan”) [map]

Etymology 3

		caprid	soup
trad. (羊羹)		羊	羹
simp. #(羊羹)		羊	羹
alternative forms		洋羹

From Japanese 羊羹(ようかん) (yōkan), in turn from Chinese.

Pronunciation

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yô-kháng
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iő-káng / io-kàng

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• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yô-kháng
    • Hakka Romanization System: io^ˊ kang^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yo¹ kang³
    • Sinological IPA (Northern, incl. Miaoli): /i̯o²⁴ kʰaŋ³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Southern, incl. Neipu): /(j)i̯o²⁴ kʰaŋ³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iő-káng
    • Tâi-lô: iő-káng
    • IPA (Taipei): /io³⁵ kaŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ³⁵ kaŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: io-kàng
    • Tâi-lô: io-kàng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ioi'kaxng
    • IPA (Taipei): /io⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɤ⁴⁴⁻³³ kaŋ²¹/

Noun

羊羹

1. yokan

Synonyms

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		羊羹
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	羊羹
Cantonese	Hong Kong	羊羹
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	羊羹
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	羊羹
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	羊羹
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	羊羹
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	羊羹
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	羊羹
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	羊羹
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	羊羹
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	羊羹
Southern Min	New Taipei (Tamsui)	羊羹, 菜燕糖
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	羊羹
	Kaohsiung	羊羹, 菜燕糖
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	羊羹
	Yilan (Toucheng)	羊羹
	Tainan (Anping)	羊羹
	Penghu (Xiyu)	羊羹

Dialectal synonyms of 羊羹 (“yokan”) [map]

References

• 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “羊羹”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎, volume 1 (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 85

Japanese

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

羊羹

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Yōkan

Wikipedia

羊羹 (yōkan)

Kanji in this term
羊	羹
よう Grade: 3	かん Hyōgai
kan'on	tōon

Etymology

/yaukan/ → /yɔːkan/ → /yoːkan/

Originally from Middle Chinese compound 羊羹 (yang kæng, literally “sheep + soup, broth”). The gelatin meaning arose from the way that sheep meat or other parts would be boiled down to produce gelatin.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) よーかん [yóꜜòkàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [jo̞ːkã̠ɴ]

Noun

羊(よう)羹(かん) • (yōkan) ^{←やうかん (yaukan)?}

1. (obsolete) a gelatin made from boiled sheep and used in soups
2. yokan, a thick jellied dessert made of adzuki (red bean paste), agar, and sugar
   • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 823:

     Yôcan. ヤゥカン (羊羹) 豆に粗糖をまぜて,こねたもので作った食物.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 水羊羹(みずようかん) (mizu yōkan)
• 練(ね)り羊羹(ようかん) (neri yōkan)
• 羊羹紙(ようかんかみ) (yōkan kami)
• 羊羹色(ようかんいろ) (yōkan iro): the color of yokan
• 蒸(む)し羊羹(ようかん) (mushi yōkan): steamed yokan

Descendants

• → Cantonese: 羊羹 (joeng⁴ gang¹)
• → English: yokan, youkan
• → Hakka: 羊羹 (yòng-kâng, yô-kháng)
• → Korean: 양갱(羊羹) (yanggaeng), 요캉 (yokang)
• → Mandarin: 羊羹 (yánggēng)
• → Min Nan: 羊羹 (iő-káng, io-kàng)

References

1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

• Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.