緬甸

See also: 缅甸

Chinese

		Burma; distant	imperial domain; suburb
trad. (緬甸)		緬	甸
simp. (缅甸)		缅	甸

Wikipedia has articles on:

• 緬甸 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
• 緬甸 (Cantonese)
• 緬甸 (Classical)
• 緬甸 (Gan)
• Mién-thien (Hakka)
• Miēng-diêng (Eastern Min)
• Bián-tiān (Southern Min)
• 緬甸 (Wu)

Etymology

A traditional view on the meaning of 緬／缅 (miǎn) is "far, remote" in Chinese, but a more convincing suggestion is that the syllable 緬／缅 (miǎn) is contracted from Burmese မြန်မာ (mranma, “Myanmar”). The last syllable 甸 (diàn) is possibly from Burmese တိုင်း (tuing:, “country, province”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Miǎndiàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): min⁵ din⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): men² en⁵

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Mién-thien

  (Meixian, Guangdong): miên³ tiên⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): Miēng-diêng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Bián-tiān / Bián-tián

  (Teochew, Peng'im): miêng² diêng⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶mi-di

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Miǎndiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄉㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Miǎndiàn
    • Wade–Giles: Mien³-tien⁴
    • Yale: Myǎn-dyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Meandiann
    • Palladius: Мяньдянь (Mjanʹdjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: min⁵ din⁶
    • Yale: míhn dihn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: min⁵ din⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: min⁵ din⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːn¹³ tiːn²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: men² en⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐben⁵⁵ en³²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Mién-thien
    • Hakka Romanization System: mien^ˋ tien
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mian³ tian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /mi̯en³¹ tʰi̯en⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: miên³ tiên⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /miɛn³¹ tʰiɛn⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Miēng-diêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mieŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t-)niɛŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bián-tiān
    • Tâi-lô: Bián-tiān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: biefndien
    • IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn²²/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bián-tián
    • Tâi-lô: Bián-tián
    • Phofsit Daibuun: biefndiern
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiɛn⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: miêng² diêng⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miéng tiĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mieŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ tieŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶mi-di
    • MiniDict: mi^去 di
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³mi-di
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mi²² di⁴⁴/

Proper noun

緬甸

1. Myanmar (a country in Southeast Asia)

   緬甸盛產翡翠。／缅甸盛产翡翠。  ―  Miǎndiàn shèngchǎn fěicuì.  ―  Jadeite is abundant in Myanmar.

Derived terms

• 上緬甸／上缅甸 (Shàng Miǎndiàn)
• 下緬甸／下缅甸 (Xià Miǎndiàn)
• 緬甸人／缅甸人 (Miǎndiànrén)
• 緬甸聯邦／缅甸联邦
• 緬甸語／缅甸语 (miǎndiànyǔ)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (緬甸):

• → Japanese: 緬甸(めんでん) (Menden)
• → Korean: 면전(緬甸) (Myeonjeon)
• → Vietnamese: Miến Điện (緬甸)

Others:

• → Manchu: ᠮᡳᠶᠠᠨ
  ᡩᡳᠶᠠᠨ (miyan diyan)
• → Zhuang: Menjden

References

1. Takao Itō: On Mien-tien (緬甸), One of the Chinese Appellations for Burma, 南方史研究, 1960, 2 号, p. 179-193, DOI: 10.11530/sea1959.1960.179

Japanese

Kanji in this term
緬	甸
めん Hyōgai	でん Hyōgai
goon

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Chinese 緬甸／缅甸 (Miǎndiàn), some time after this term came to prominence in Chinese during the Ming Dynasty. Compare modern Mandarin reading Miǎndiàn, Cantonese min⁵ din⁶.^[1]

First mentioned in a text from 1798.^[2]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mẽ̞ndẽ̞ɴ]

Proper noun

緬(めん)甸(でん) • (Menden) 

1. (historical, possibly obsolete) Myanmar (a country in Southeast Asia)

Synonyms

• ミャンマー (Myanmā)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
緬	甸
びるま
Hyōgai	Hyōgai
jukujikun

Ultimately from Burmese ဗမာ (ba.ma). The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), from the borrowed Chinese term Menden above.^[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ビルマ [bíꜜrùmà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[3]
• IPA^(key): [bʲiɾɯ̟ma̠]

Proper noun

緬甸(ビルマ) • (Biruma) 

1. Dated spelling of ビルマ (Biruma).: Burma (a country in Southeast Asia)

Synonyms

• ミャンマー (Myanmā)

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Proper noun

緬甸 • (Myeonjeon) (hangeul 면전)

1. hanja form^? of 면전 (“Myanmar”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
緬	甸

Proper noun

緬甸

1. chữ Hán form of Miến Điện (“Myanmar”).