渾

See also: 浑

渾 U+6E3E, 渾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E3E ← 渽 [U+6E3D] CJK Unified Ideographs 渿 → [U+6E3F]

Translingual

Han character

渾 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水月十十 (EBJJ), four-corner 3715₆, composition ⿰氵軍)

Derived characters

• 𩅴

Related characters

• 浑 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 635, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17800
• Dae Jaweon: page 1043, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1687, character 8
• Unihan data for U+6E3E

Chinese

trad.		渾
simp.		浑

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 渾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

	Old Chinese
揮	*qʰul
輝	*qʰul
翬	*qʰul
暉	*qʰul
煇	*qʰul, *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ
楎	*qʰul, *ɡuːn
瀈	*qʰul
韗	*qʰons, *ɢuns
褌	*kuːn
鶤	*kuːn, *ɢuns
緷	*kuːnʔ, *ɡuːnʔ, *ɢuns
睴	*kuːns, *ɡuːnʔ
璭	*kuːns
瘒	*ŋɡuːn
顐	*ŋɡuːn, *ŋɡuːns, *ɡuːn
諢	*ŋɡuːns
餫	*ɡuːn, *ɢuns
渾	*ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ
琿	*ɡuːn
鼲	*ɡuːn
堚	*ɡuːn
鯶	*ɡuːnʔ
軍	*kun
皸	*kun, *kuns
齳	*ŋɡunʔ
喗	*ŋɡunʔ
葷	*qʰun
惲	*qunʔ
賱	*qunʔ
運	*ɢuns
暈	*ɢuns
鄆	*ɢuns

Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character	渾
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸昆切
Baxter	hwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuən/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuon/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwən/
Li Rong	/ɣuən/
Wang Li	/ɣuən/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan4

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渾
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hún
Middle Chinese	‹ hwon ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁ[u]r/
English	chaotic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渾
Reading #	1/2
No.	7321
Phonetic component	軍
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	䰟
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːn/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hún (hun²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vùn
• Northern Min (KCR): ông
• Eastern Min (BUC): hùng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hûn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hung⁶ / hung¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hún
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hún
    • Wade–Giles: hun²
    • Yale: hwún
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwen
    • Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wan⁴
    • Yale: wàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vùn
    • Hakka Romanization System: vun^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vun²
    • Sinological IPA: /vun¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hùng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûn
    • Tâi-lô: hûn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: huun
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hun²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hun²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hun²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hung⁶ / hung¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭng / hung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ³⁵/, /huŋ³³/

Note:

• hung1 - totally;
• hung6 - other senses.

---

• Middle Chinese: hwon

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤ[u]r/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːn/

Definitions

渾

1. (obsolete) sound of spouting water
2. muddy; turbid
3. foolish; stupid
4. simple and natural; unsophisticated

   渾樸／浑朴  ―  húnpǔ  ―  simple and natural

5. whole; complete

   渾身不舒服／浑身不舒服  ―  húnshēn bùshūfú  ―  the whole body feels uncomfortable

6. (literary) simply, in short

   • 白頭搔更短，渾欲不勝簪。 [MSC, trad.]
     白头搔更短，浑欲不胜簪。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 757, 杜甫 (Du Fu), 春望

     Báitóu sāo gèng duǎn, hún yù bùshèng zān. [Pinyin]

     As I scratch my white hair it gets shorter; Simply put it soon won't hold a hairpin within it.

7. (literary) still
8. name of several rivers
9. Short for 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún).
10. a surname

Synonyms

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		渾濁, 混濁
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	渾
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	渾
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	溷
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	渾
	Wuhan	渾
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	渾
	Hefei	渾
Cantonese	Guangzhou	濁
	Hong Kong	濁
	Yangjiang	濁
Gan	Nanchang	渾
Hakka	Meixian	渾
Jin	Taiyuan	溷
Northern Min	Jian'ou	渾, 濁
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	渾
Southern Min	Xiamen	醪, 醪濁
	Zhangzhou	醪
	Chaozhou	醪
	Haikou	醪
Wu	Suzhou	渾
	Wenzhou	渾
Xiang	Changsha	渾
	Shuangfeng	渾

Dialectal synonyms of 渾 (“muddy; turbid”) [map]

Compounds

• 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún)
• 含渾／含浑
• 含蓄渾厚／含蓄浑厚
• 圓渾／圆浑
• 大渾家／大浑家
• 打水不渾／打水不浑
• 攪渾／搅浑 (jiǎohún)
• 渾不似／浑不似
• 渾不比／浑不比
• 渾世／浑世
• 渾人／浑人
• 渾似／浑似
• 渾倌／浑倌
• 渾全／浑全
• 渾化／浑化
• 渾厚／浑厚 (húnhòu)
• 渾可事／浑可事
• 渾噩／浑噩
• 渾圓／浑圆 (húnyuán)
• 渾家／浑家 (húnjiā)
• 渾小子／浑小子 (húnxiǎozi)
• 渾成／浑成
• 渾是／浑是
• 渾樸／浑朴 (húnpǔ)
• 渾樸自然／浑朴自然
• 渾水／浑水 (húnshuǐ)
• 渾水摸魚／浑水摸鱼 (húnshuǐmōyú)
• 渾河／浑河
• 渾涵／浑涵
• 渾渾噩噩／浑浑噩噩 (húnhún'è'è)
• 渾濁／浑浊 (húnzhuó)
• 渾然／浑然 (húnrán)
• 渾然一體／浑然一体 (húnrányītǐ)
• 渾然不知／浑然不知
• 渾然不覺／浑然不觉
• 渾然天成／浑然天成
• 渾然忘我／浑然忘我
• 渾無罣礙／浑无罣碍
• 渾箇／浑个
• 渾純／浑纯
• 渾脫／浑脱
• 渾花／浑花
• 渾蓋／浑盖
• 渾蛋／浑蛋
• 渾言／浑言
• 渾話／浑话
• 渾身／浑身 (húnshēn)
• 渾身是膽／浑身是胆
• 渾身無力／浑身无力
• 渾身發軟／浑身发软
• 渾身解數／浑身解数
• 渾身銅臭／浑身铜臭
• 渾酒／浑酒
• 渾金璞玉／浑金璞玉
• 渾閒／浑闲
• 渾閑事／浑闲事
• 渾骨丫髻／浑骨丫髻
• 璞玉渾金／璞玉浑金
• 老忘渾／老忘浑
• 谷渾／谷浑 (Yùhún)
• 質直渾厚／质直浑厚
• 踹渾水／踹浑水
• 蹚渾水／蹚浑水
• 躧渾水／𰸐浑水
• 鑿渾沌／凿浑沌
• 阿月渾子／阿月浑子 (āyuèhúnzǐ)
• 雄渾／雄浑 (xiónghún)
• 鬼打渾／鬼打浑

 

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character	渾
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡本切
Baxter	hwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuənX/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuonX/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuənX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwənX/
Li Rong	/ɣuənX/
Wang Li	/ɣuənX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuənX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hùn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	渾
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hún
Middle Chinese	‹ hwonX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁurʔ/
English	chaotic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渾
Reading #	2/2
No.	7328
Phonetic component	軍
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	混
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːnʔ/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hún, hùn

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ, ㄏㄨㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁶ / wan⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hún
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hún
    • Wade–Giles: hun²
    • Yale: hwún
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwen
    • Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hùn
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hùn
    • Wade–Giles: hun⁴
    • Yale: hwùn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huenn
    • Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wan⁶ / wan⁴
    • Yale: wahn / wàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁶ / wan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wen⁶ / wen⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²²/, /wɐn²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: hwonX

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤurʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːnʔ/

Definitions

渾

1. large
2. to mix; to muddle
3. simple; plain
4. pure
5. Short for 渾天／浑天.
6. Short for 渾天儀／浑天仪 (húntiānyí).

Compounds

• 分渾元／分浑元
• 打渾／打浑
• 沒渾過事／没浑过事
• 渾俗和光／浑俗和光
• 渾元／浑元
• 渾名／浑名 (húnmíng)
• 渾天／浑天
• 渾天儀／浑天仪 (húntiānyí)
• 渾敦／浑敦 (hùndùn)
• 渾殽／浑淆
• 渾沌／浑沌 (hùndùn)
• 渾淪／浑沦
• 渾渾／浑浑
• 渾球／浑球 (húnqiú)
• 渾號／浑号
• 渾賬／浑账
• 龍蛇渾雜／龙蛇浑杂

 

Pronunciation 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 渾 – see 混 (“torrential; turbid; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 混).

Pronunciation 4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǔn (gun³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄣˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwan²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǔn
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄣˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǔn
    • Wade–Giles: kun³
    • Yale: gwǔn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goen
    • Palladius: гунь (gunʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ən²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwan²
    • Yale: gwán
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwan²
    • Guangdong Romanization: guen²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐn³⁵/

Definitions

渾

1. Only used in 渾渾／浑浑 (gǔngǔn, “alternative form of 滾滾; rolling along”).
2. to fall

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 渾

渾

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. all
2. turbidity

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: こん (kon)
• Kun: にごる (nigoru, 渾る)、すべて (subete, 渾て)、まじる (majiru, 渾じる)

Korean

Hanja

渾 • (hon) (hangeul 혼, revised hon, McCune–Reischauer hon, Yale hon)

1. muddy, turbid
2. blend, merge, mix

Vietnamese

Han character

渾: Hán Nôm readings: hồn, hỗn

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