植

植 U+690D, 植 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-690D ← 椌 [U+690C] CJK Unified Ideographs 椎 → [U+690E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Japan

Han character

植 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木十月一 (DJBM), four-corner 4491₆, composition ⿰木直)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 536, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15023
• Dae Jaweon: page 923, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1225, character 8
• Unihan data for U+690D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		植
2nd round simp.		𰗝

Glyph origin

	Old Chinese
置	*tɯɡs
值	*dɯɡs, *dɯɡ
植	*dɯɡs, *djɯɡ
埴	*tʰjɯɡs, *djɯɡ
惪	*tɯːɡ
德	*tɯːɡ
稙	*tɯɡ
淔	*tʰɯɡ
直	*dɯɡ
犆	*dɯɡ
殖	*djɯɡ

Characters in the same phonetic series (直) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯɡs, *djɯɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 直 (OC *dɯɡ).

Pronunciation

Variety	Location	edit 植
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁴²/
	Qingdao	/tʃz̩⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sz̩²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sz̩³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sz̩²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡səʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/zəʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/zəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zei²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰi²²/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰɨʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰət̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/tʃʰït̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sek̚²/
	Nanning	/t͡sek̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sik̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sik̚⁵/ /sit̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡siʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡si²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/sek̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/t͡sek̚⁵/

Rime
Character	植	植
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	直吏切	常職切
Baxter	driH	dzyik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖɨH/	/d͡ʑɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖɨH/	/d͡ʑɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡieH/	/d͡ʑiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖɨH/	/d͡ʑik̚/
Li Rong	/ȡiəH/	/ʑiək̚/
Wang Li	/ȡĭəH/	/ʑĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱiH/	/ʑi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi6	sik6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	植	植	植
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhí	zhí	zhí
Middle Chinese	‹ driH ›	‹ driH ›	‹ dzyik ›
Old Chinese	/*N-t<r>ək-s/	/*m-t<r>ək-s/	/*m-tək/
English	grow, flourish	to plant, set upright	to plant; plants
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	植	植
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	17263	17273
Phonetic component	直	直
Rime group	代	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	值	寔
Old Chinese	/*dɯɡs/	/*djɯɡ/

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): zhí (zhi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): zi²

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җы (žɨ, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zik⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): zet⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): ciit⁷
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̍t

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ced⁶

• Jin (Wiktionary): zeh⁵
• Northern Min (KCR): cĭ
• Eastern Min (BUC): sĭk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sia̍k / se̍k / si̍t / se̍t / ti̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sêg⁴ / sig⁸ / sêg⁸

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸zeq / ⁸dzeq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhr⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhí
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhíh
    • Wade–Giles: chih²
    • Yale: jŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyr
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: zi²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: z
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җы (žɨ, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zik⁶
    • Yale: jihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: zet⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡set̚³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: ciit⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɨt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: ciid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cid⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨt̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ced⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰət̚⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: zeh⁵
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səʔ⁵⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡si²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: sia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siak̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Changtai)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍k
    • Tâi-lô: si̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sek
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Changtai): /sek̚³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t
    • Tâi-lô: si̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sit
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sit̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Hui'an)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: se̍t
    • Tâi-lô: se̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: set
    • IPA (Hui'an): /set̚²³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti̍t
    • Tâi-lô: ti̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dit
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tit̚⁴/

Note:

• sia̍k/se̍k - literary;
• si̍t/se̍t - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sêg⁴ / sig⁸ / sêg⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sek / si̍k / se̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sek̚²/, /sik̚⁴/, /sek̚⁴/
Note:
• sêg4 - literary;
• sig8/sêg8 - vernacular (sêg8 - Jieyang).
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁸zeq
    • MiniDict: zeh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zeq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zəʔ¹²/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /zəʔ²³/
  • (Northern: Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁸dzeq
    • MiniDict: dzeh^入
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡zəʔ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zhr⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡sz̩²⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

---

• Middle Chinese: driH, dzyik

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-t<r>ək-s/, /*m-t<r>ək-s/, /*m-tək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*dɯɡs/, /*djɯɡ/

Definitions

植

1. to plant; to grow; to cultivate

   植樹／植树  ―  zhíshù  ―  to plant trees

2. to set up; to establish
3. plant; flora

   植被  ―  zhíbèi  ―  vegetation

4. a surname

Synonyms

• (to cultivate):

edit

• 培植 (péizhí)
• 栽
• 栽培 (zāipéi)
• 栽植 (zāizhí) (chiefly to transplant)
• 栽種／栽种 (zāizhòng)
• 樹／树 (shù) (obsolete)
• 盤栽／盘栽 (Xiamen Hokkien, chiefly to transplant, Zhangzhou Hokkien, chiefly to transplant)
• 移栽 (yízāi) (chiefly to transplant)
• 種／种 (zhòng)
• 種植／种植 (zhòngzhí)
• 種樹／种树 (zhòngshù) (Classical Chinese)

 

• (to set up):

edit

• 倡辦／倡办 (chàngbàn)
• 創下／创下 (chuàngxià)
• 創制／创制 (chuàngzhì)
• 創建／创建 (chuàngjiàn)
• 創立／创立 (chuànglì)
• 創興／创兴 (chuàngxīng) (literary)
• 創設／创设 (chuàngshè)
• 創辦／创办 (chuàngbàn)
• 建立 (jiànlì)
• 建置 (jiànzhì)
• 成立 (chénglì)
• 搭建 (dājiàn)
• 施設／施设 (shīshè) (literary)
• 樹立／树立 (shùlì)
• 確立／确立 (quèlì)
• 立下 (lìxià)
• 組建／组建 (zǔjiàn)
• 興辦／兴办 (xīngbàn)
• 設／设 (shè)
• 設立／设立 (shèlì)
• 開創／开创 (kāichuàng)
• 開基／开基 (kāijī) (literary)
• 開建／开建 (kāijiàn)
• 開設／开设 (kāishè)
• 開辦／开办 (kāibàn)

 

• (plant):

edit

• 株 (zhū)
• 植株 (zhízhū)
• 植物 (zhíwù)
• 植被 (zhíbèi)
• 歲物／岁物 (suìwù) (literary)
• 綠色植物／绿色植物 (lǜsè zhíwù)
• 花卉 (huāhuì)
• 花草 (huācǎo)
• 草木 (cǎomù)

 

Compounds

• 下等植物
• 人工植牙
• 動植物／动植物 (dòngzhíwù)
• 卵子移植
• 原生植物
• 單花植物／单花植物
• 器官移植 (qìguān yízhí)
• 培植 (péizhí)
• 孢子植物 (bāozǐ zhíwù)
• 室內植物／室内植物
• 密植 (mìzhí)
• 寄生植物
• 常綠植物／常绿植物
• 庭園植物／庭园植物
• 弱植
• 心臟移植／心脏移植
• 懶人植物／懒人植物
• 手植
• 扶植 (fúzhí)
• 捕蟲植物／捕虫植物
• 攀緣植物／攀缘植物
• 旱性植物
• 曹植
• 有毒植物
• 木本植物
• 栽培植物
• 栽植 (zāizhí)
• 植基
• 植床
• 植株 (zhízhū)
• 植樹／植树 (zhíshù)
• 植樹節／植树节
• 植牙
• 植物 (zhíwù)
• 植物人 (zhíwùrén)
• 植物園／植物园 (zhíwùyuán)
• 植物學／植物学 (zhíwùxué)
• 植物油 (zhíwùyóu)
• 植物激素
• 植物纖維／植物纤维
• 植物群落 (zhíwù qúnluò)
• 植物誌／植物志
• 植物馴化／植物驯化
• 植皮手術／植皮手术
• 植群
• 植耳
• 植苗
• 植被 (zhíbèi)
• 植足
• 植髮／植发 (zhífà)
• 植黨／植党
• 植黨營私／植党营私
• 歸化植物／归化植物
• 水生植物 (shuǐshēng zhíwù)
• 浮生植物
• 溫帶植物／温带植物
• 潘植
• 球根植物
• 皮下移植
• 移植 (yízhí)
• 種植／种植 (zhòngzhí)
• 種植義齒／种植义齿
• 等高種植／等高种植
• 綠色植物／绿色植物 (lǜsè zhíwù)
• 纖維植物／纤维植物
• 肆奸植黨
• 胎生植物
• 腐植土
• 腐植質／腐植质
• 腐生植物
• 苔蘚植物／苔藓植物 (táixiǎn zhíwù)
• 草本植物 (cǎoběn zhíwù)
• 著生植物
• 葉狀植物／叶状植物
• 蔓生植物
• 蕨類植物／蕨类植物
• 藤本植物
• 藥用植物／药用植物
• 藻菌植物
• 蘚苔植物／藓苔植物
• 被子植物 (bèizǐzhíwù)
• 裸子植物 (luǒzǐzhíwù)
• 觀葉植物／观叶植物
• 觀賞植物／观赏植物
• 誤植／误植 (wùzhí)
• 附生植物
• 陰地植物／阴地植物
• 陰性植物／阴性植物
• 陽性植物／阳性植物
• 隱花植物／隐花植物
• 顯花植物／显花植物
• 飛潛動植／飞潜动植
• 食蟲植物／食虫植物
• 骨髓移植 (gǔsuǐ yízhí)
• 高山植物
• 高等植物
• 鹽生植物／盐生植物

 

References

• “植”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 植

植

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

1. plant

Readings

• Go-on: じき (jiki)
• Kan-on: しょく (shoku, Jōyō)、ち (chi)
• Kan’yō-on: ちょく (choku)
• Kun: うえる (ueru, 植える, Jōyō)、うわる (uwaru, 植わる, Jōyō)、たてる (tateru, 植てる)

The reading ちょく is preferred in the typesetting/printing industry for words such as, and related to, 植字.

Korean

Etymology 1

Hanja

植 (eumhun 심을 식 (simeul sik))

1. hanja form^? of 식 (“to plant”)

Compounds

• 식물 (植物, singmul, “plant”)

Etymology 2

Hanja

植 (eumhun 둘 치 (dul chi))

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of 置 (“hanja form^? of 치 (“to put”)”)

Vietnamese

Han character

植: Hán Nôm readings: thực

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.