友
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
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Han character
友 (Kangxi radical 29, 又+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 大水 (KE), four-corner 40047, composition ⿸𠂇又)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 165, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3119
- Dae Jaweon: page 374, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 391, character 1
- Unihan data for U+53CB
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 友 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 又 (“hand”) + 又 (“hand”) – two right hands meeting in friendship. Also phono-semantic (形聲 / 形声), from 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs).
Etymology
Endoactive derivation of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “right”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan གྲོགས (grogs, “friend; companion”) (STEDT).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): iu3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): iou2
- Northern Min (KCR): iǔ
- Eastern Min (BUC): iū
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): iu3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6yeu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): iou3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yǒu
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yǒu
- Wade–Giles: yu3
- Yale: yǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeou
- Palladius: ю (ju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /joʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: you3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iu
- Sinological IPA (key): /iəu⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jau5 / jau5-2
- Yale: yáuh / yáu
- Cantonese Pinyin: jau5 / jau5-2
- Guangdong Romanization: yeo5 / yeo5-2
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐu̯¹³/, /jɐu̯¹³⁻³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- jau5-2 - “guy; bloke”.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yiu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiu²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: iu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /iu²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
- Hakka Romanization System: iuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu1
- Sinological IPA: /i̯u²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu1
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: iou2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /iəu⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iǔ
- Sinological IPA (key): /iu²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iū
- Sinological IPA (key): /ieu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: iu3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: iû
- Sinological IPA (key): /iu⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: iu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /iu³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: iou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /i̯əu̯⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: hjuwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷɯʔ/
Definitions
友
- friend; companion
- 好友 ― hǎoyǒu ― good friend
- 波友 [Cantonese] ― bo1 jau5 [Jyutping] ― friend that someone often plays ball games with
- 招招舟子、人涉卬否。人涉卬否、卬須我友。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zhāozhāo zhōuzǐ, rén shè áng fǒu. Rén shè áng fǒu, áng xū wǒyǒu. [Pinyin]
- The boatman beckons and beckons; others cross, not me. Others cross, not me; I'm waiting for my friend.
招招舟子、人涉卬否。人涉卬否、卬须我友。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) to make friends with
- (literary, chiefly among brothers) to love each other
- 窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǎotiǎoshūnǚ, qínsè yǒu zhī. [Pinyin]
- The modest, retiring, virtuous, young lady: With lutes, small and large, let us give her friendly welcome.
- 兄亦不念鞠子哀，大不友于弟。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE, translated based on Bernhard Karlgren's version
- Xiōng yì bù niàn jūzǐ āi, dà bù yǒu yú dì. [Pinyin]
- The elder brother likewise does not think of his tender younger brother’s pitiableness and is greatly unfriendly towards his younger brother.
- (in compounds) friendly
- (Cantonese, colloquial, somewhat impolite) guy; bloke (Classifier: 條／条 c; 班 c; 丁 c; 兜 c)
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
- 三五好友
- 三友 (sānyǒu)
- 三朋四友
- 世友
- 交友 (jiāoyǒu)
- 以文會友 / 以文会友
- 佞徒損友 / 佞徒损友
- 僚友
- 兄友弟恭 (xiōngyǒudìgōng)
- 化敵為友 / 化敌为友 (huàdíwéiyǒu)
- 友于
- 友人 (yǒurén)
- 友善 (yǒushàn)
- 友好 (yǒuhǎo)
- 友好條約 / 友好条约
- 友婿
- 友情 (yǒuqíng)
- 友愛 / 友爱 (yǒu'ài)
- 友生 (yǒushēng)
- 友誼 / 友谊 (yǒuyì)
- 友誼商店 / 友谊商店 (yǒuyì shāngdiàn)
- 友誼賽 / 友谊赛 (yǒuyìsài)
- 友軍 / 友军 (yǒujūn)
- 友邦 (yǒubāng)
- 友風子雨 / 友风子雨
- 取友
- 同窗契友
- 同門友 / 同门友
- 嘉祐四友
- 嚶鳴求友 / 嘤鸣求友
- 團友 / 团友 (tuányǒu)
- 土網友 / 土网友
- 執友 / 执友 (zhíyǒu)
- 夠朋友 / 够朋友
- 奔走之友
- 契友
- 女友 (nǚyǒu)
- 好友 (hǎoyǒu)
- 好朋友
- 婚友介紹 / 婚友介绍
- 婚友社
- 嫖友 (piáoyǒu)
- 孝友
- 學友 / 学友 (xuéyǒu)
- 室友 (shìyǒu)
- 密友 (mìyǒu)
- 小友
- 尚友
- 山友 (shānyǒu)
- 工友 (gōngyǒu)
- 師友 / 师友 (shīyǒu)
- 幕友
- 影友會 / 影友会
- 徵友 / 征友
- 戰友 / 战友 (zhànyǒu)
- 探友
- 損友 / 损友 (sǔnyǒu)
- 損者三友 / 损者三友
- 摯友 / 挚友 (zhìyǒu)
- 擇交而友 / 择交而友
- 擇友 / 择友
- 故友 (gùyǒu)
- 教友 (jiàoyǒu)
- 敝友
- 昵友
- 普天共友
- 會友 / 会友 (huìyǒu)
- 朋友
- 朋友有舊 / 朋友有旧
- 校友 (xiàoyǒu)
- 校友會 / 校友会 (xiàoyǒuhuì)
- 歌友會 / 歌友会
- 歲寒三友 / 岁寒三友 (suìhánsānyǒu)
- 死友
- 求其友聲 / 求其友声
- 求親告友 / 求亲告友
- 涼友 / 凉友
- 溪友 (xīyǒu)
- 燮友
- 爭友 / 争友
- 牌友
- 狂朋怪友
- 狐朋狗友 (húpénggǒuyǒu)
- 玉友
- 玉昆金友
- 男朋友
- 畏友 (wèiyǒu)
- 發燒友 / 发烧友 (fāshāoyǒu)
- 益友 (yìyǒu)
- 益者三友
- 盟友 (méngyǒu)
- 知友 (zhīyǒu)
- 石友
- 硯友 / 砚友
- 票友 (piàoyǒu)
- 窗友 (chuāngyǒu)
- 站友
- 竹馬之友 / 竹马之友 (zhúmǎzhīyǒu)
- 筆友 / 笔友 (bǐyǒu)
- 素友
- 結友 / 结友
- 網友 / 网友 (wǎngyǒu)
- 網路筆友 / 网路笔友
- 線上交友 / 线上交友
- 老友 (lǎoyǒu)
- 老朋友
- 聽友 / 听友 (tīngyǒu)
- 股友社
- 背主賣友 / 背主卖友
- 腹心之友
- 膩友 / 腻友
- 至交契友
- 至友 (zhìyǒu)
- 至親好友 / 至亲好友
- 舊友 / 旧友 (jiùyǒu)
- 良友 (liángyǒu)
- 良師益友 / 良师益友 (liángshīyìyǒu)
- 良朋益友
- 莫逆之友
- 血友病 (xuèyǒubìng)
- 見色忘友 / 见色忘友
- 親友 / 亲友 (qīnyǒu)
- 親朋好友 / 亲朋好友 (qīnpénghǎoyǒu)
- 訪友 / 访友
- 詩朋酒友 / 诗朋酒友
- 諍友 / 诤友 (zhèngyǒu)
- 讀友 / 读友
- 豬朋狗友 / 猪朋狗友 (zhūpénggǒuyǒu)
- 賓友 / 宾友
- 賣友 / 卖友
- 賣友求榮 / 卖友求荣 (màiyǒuqiúróng)
- 農友 / 农友
- 道友 (dàoyǒu)
- 酈寄賣友 / 郦寄卖友
- 酒友 (jiǔyǒu)
- 酒肉朋友
- 重色輕友 / 重色轻友 (zhòngsèqīngyǒu)
- 金友玉昆
- 釣友 / 钓友 (diàoyǒu)
- 閨中密友 / 闺中密友 (guīzhōng mìyǒu)
- 閨友 / 闺友
- 隊友 / 队友 (duìyǒu)
- 難友 / 难友 (nànyǒu)
- 電腦擇友 / 电脑择友
- 竟陵八友
- 鳳友 / 凤友
- 鳳友鸞交 / 凤友鸾交
- 龍鬚友 / 龙须友
References
- “友”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “友”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 289.
Japanese
Kanji
友
Readings
Etymology 1
| For pronunciation and definitions of 友 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 友, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Proper noun
- a male given name
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 友 (MC hjuwX).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean ᅌᅮᇢ〯 (Yale: ngwǔw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 우〯 (wǔ) (Yale: wǔ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [u(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [우(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource 友 (eumhun 벗 우 (beot u))
Compounds
References
Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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