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匠

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

匠 U+5320, 匠
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5320
← 匟
[U+531F] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 匡 →
[U+5321]

Translingual

Han character

匠 (Kangxi radical 22, 匚+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹一中 (SHML), four-corner 71712, composition ⿷匚斤)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 153, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2605
  • Dae Jaweon: page 345, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 83, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5320

Chinese

More information simp. and trad., alternative forms ...
simp. and trad.
 匠
alternative forms 匞
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Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 匠, Warring States ...
Historical forms of the character 匠
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
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More information Old Chinese ...
Old Chinese
匚 *paŋ
匠 *sbaŋs
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Characters in the same phonetic series (匚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).

In more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sbaŋs): phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).

Etymology

Several etymologies have been proposed:

  • Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
  • Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
  • Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.

Pronunciation

More information Rime, Character ...
Rime
Character 匠
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 疾亮切
Baxter dzjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /d͡zɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /d͡ziɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /d͡ziɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /d͡zɨaŋH/
Li
Rong		 /d͡ziaŋH/
Wang
Li		 /d͡zĭaŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren		 /d͡zʱi̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zoeng6
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More information Character, Reading # ...
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 匠
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiàng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ dzjangH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*s.baŋ-s/
English craftsman

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 匠
Reading # 1/1
No. 6268
Phonetic
component		 匚
Rime
group		 陽
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 匠
Old
Chinese		 /*sbaŋs/
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Note:
  • chhiūⁿ/chhiōⁿ/siūⁿ - vernacular;
  • chhiōng/chhiāng/siāng/chiōng - literary.
      • (Teochew)
        • Peng'im: ciên7 / cion7 / ziang6
        • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiēⁿ / tshiōⁿ / tsiăng
        • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/, /t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/, /t͡siaŋ³⁵/
    Note:
    • ciên7/cion7 - vernacular (ciên7 - Chaozhou);
    • ziang6 - literary.
        • (Leizhou)
          • Leizhou Pinyin: qio1 / jiang6
          • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/, /t͡siaŋ³³/
      Note:
      • qio1 - vernacular;
      • jiang6 - literary.

Definitions

匠

  1. craftsman; artisan; workman
  2. master

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)
  • → Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)
  • → Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)

References

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese

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