匠

匠 U+5320, 匠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5320 ← 匟 [U+531F] CJK Unified Ideographs 匡 → [U+5321]

Translingual

Han character

匠 (Kangxi radical 22, 匚+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹一中 (SHML), four-corner 7171₂, composition ⿷匚斤)

Derived characters

• 𰁳, 䞪, 𩣕, 𱑈, 𪀘, 𥱝

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 153, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2605
• Dae Jaweon: page 345, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 83, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5320

Chinese

simp. and trad.		匠
alternative forms		匞

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 匠
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

	Old Chinese
匚	*paŋ
匠	*sbaŋs

Characters in the same phonetic series (匚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Traditionally thought to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 匚 (“box”) + 斤 (“axe”) (e.g. Shuowen).

In more recent scholarship (e.g. Zhengzhang, 2003; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), an alternative glyph origin has been proposed, suggesting that it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sbaŋs) : phonetic 匚 (OC *paŋ) + semantic 斤 (“axe”).

Etymology

Several etymologies have been proposed:

• Related to Tibetan བྱང (byang, “skilled”) (Bodman, 1980) or སྤྱང (spyang, “skilful; clever”) (Sagart and Baxter, 2012). These comparisons would require the Old Chinese reconstruction to have a *sb- initial, which is possible if 匚 (OC *paŋ) is considered to be the phonetic component. The Middle Chinese initial would be derived as such: *s.b- > *zb- > *bz- > *dz- (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
• Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *dzaŋh, deems it more likely to be from Mon-Khmer, comparing it to Khmer ចាំង (cang, “to dress; to trim (wood)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
• Jacques (2015) proposes another Sino-Tibetan etymology, comparing it to Tibetan མཛངས (mdzangs, “wise; intelligent”), which is derived from བཟང (bzang, “good”). Under this hypothesis, it can be derived from 臧 (OC *[ts]ˤaŋ, “good”), which has been connected to the Tibetan word. He postulates the derivation to consist of the nominalizing circumfix *k- -s and the applicative prefix *N-, yielding *k-N-tsaŋ-s > *k-dzaŋ-s.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	匠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疾亮切
Baxter	dzjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zɨɐŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ziɐŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ziɑŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɨaŋH/
Li Rong	/d͡ziaŋH/
Wang Li	/d͡zĭaŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi̯aŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoeng6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	匠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàng
Middle Chinese	‹ dzjangH ›
Old Chinese	/*s.baŋ-s/
English	craftsman
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	匠
Reading #	1/1
No.	6268
Phonetic component	匚
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	匠
Old Chinese	/*sbaŋs/

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): jiàng (jiang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiang⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoeng⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): siong

  (Meixian, Guangdong): xiong⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): jion³
• Northern Min (KCR): tiōng
• Eastern Min (BUC): chióng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhiūⁿ / chhiōⁿ / siūⁿ / chhiǔⁿ / chhiōng / chhiāng / siāng / chiōng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ciên⁷ / cion⁷ / ziang⁶

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): qio¹ / jiang⁶

• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zian⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiàng
    • Wade–Giles: chiang⁴
    • Yale: jyàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianq
    • Palladius: цзян (czjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: jiang⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: giang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiaŋ²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zoeng⁶
    • Yale: jeuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoeng⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zêng⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sœːŋ²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siong
    • Hakka Romanization System: xiong
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xiong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /si̯oŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: xiong⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /siɔŋ⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: jion³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiɒ̃⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tiōng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɔŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chióng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuɔŋ²¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Taichung, Hsinchu, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiūⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiūnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chviu
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Yilan): /t͡sʰiũ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /t͡sʰiũ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Hui'an): /t͡sʰiũ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Changtai, Longyan, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiōⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiōnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chvioi
    • IPA (Tainan): /t͡sʰiɔ̃³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou, Changtai): /t͡sʰiɔ̃²²/
    • IPA (Longyan): /t͡sʰiõ⁵⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siūⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: siūnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sviu
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /siũ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiǔⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiǔnn
    • IPA (Lukang): /t͡sʰiũ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiōng
    • Tâi-lô: tshiōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Hui'an): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiāng
    • Tâi-lô: tshiāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiang
    • IPA (Longyan): /t͡sʰiaŋ⁵⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siāng
    • Tâi-lô: siāng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siang
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /siaŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiōng
    • Tâi-lô: tsiōng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciong
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹/

Note:

• chhiūⁿ/chhiōⁿ/siūⁿ - vernacular;
• chhiōng/chhiāng/siāng/chiōng - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ciên⁷ / cion⁷ / ziang⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiēⁿ / tshiōⁿ / tsiăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰĩẽ¹¹/, /t͡sʰĩõ¹¹/, /t͡siaŋ³⁵/
Note:
• ciên7/cion7 - vernacular (ciên7 - Chaozhou);
• ziang6 - literary.
• • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: qio¹ / jiang⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰiɔ³⁵/, /t͡siaŋ³³/
Note:
• qio1 - vernacular;
• jiang6 - literary.
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: zian⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡si̯æn²¹/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡ɕi̯æn²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: dzjangH

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.baŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sbaŋs/

Definitions

匠

1. craftsman; artisan; workman
2. master

Compounds

• 一代宗匠
• 丁匠
• 刀匠
• 剃頭匠 / 剃头匠 (tìtóujiàng)
• 劣匠
• 匠人 (jiàngrén)
• 匠作
• 匠伯
• 匠師 / 匠师
• 匠心 (jiàngxīn)
• 匠意
• 匠成
• 匠戶 / 匠户
• 匠氏
• 匠氣 / 匠气 (jiàngqì)
• 匠石 (jiàngshí)
• 匣匠
• 哲匠
• 大匠
• 大匠不斲
• 字匠
• 宗匠 (zōngjiàng)
• 將作大匠 / 将作大匠
• 將匠 / 将匠
• 小爐兒匠 / 小炉儿匠
• 工匠 (gōngjiàng)
• 巨匠 (jùjiàng)
• 巧匠 (qiǎojiàng)
• 帖匠
• 帽匠
• 弓匠
• 心匠
• 意匠 (yìjiàng)
• 把式匠
• 接骨匠
• 摟包兒匠 / 搂包儿匠
• 教書匠 / 教书匠 (jiāoshūjiàng)
• 木匠 (mùjiàng)
• 桶匠
• 梓匠
• 梓匠輪輿 / 梓匠轮舆
• 棚匠 (péngjiang)
• 機匠 / 机匠
• 毛毛匠
• 法匠
• 泥水匠 (níshuǐjiàng)
• 油漆匠
• 泥瓦匠 (níwǎjiàng)
• 漆匠
• 理髮匠 / 理发匠
• 瓦匠 (wǎjiàng)
• 甕子匠 / 瓮子匠 (wèngzǐjiàng)
• 畫匠 / 画匠 (huàjiàng)
• 皮匠 (píjiàng)
• 石匠
• 筆匠 / 笔匠
• 篾匠 (mièjiàng)
• 繡匠 / 绣匠
• 臭皮匠 (chòupíjiàng)
• 船匠 (chuánjiàng)
• 良匠 (liángjiàng)
• 花匠 (huājiàng)
• 衣匠
• 裱糊匠 (biǎohújiàng)
• 解匠
• 譯匠 / 译匠 (yìjiàng)
• 車匠 / 车匠 (chējiàng)
• 軍匠 / 军匠
• 郢匠
• 郢匠揮斤 / 郢匠挥斤
• 都料匠
• 醫匠 / 医匠
• 金匠 (jīnjiàng)
• 針筆匠 / 针笔匠
• 銅匠 / 铜匠 (tóngjiàng)
• 銀匠 / 银匠 (yínjiàng)
• 錫匠 / 锡匠 (xījiàng)
• 鎖匠 / 锁匠 (suǒjiàng)
• 鐵匠 / 铁匠 (tiějiàng)
• 陶匠 (táojiàng)
• 雕刻匠
• 靴匠 (xuējiàng)
• 鞋匠 (xiéjiàng)
• 香匠

 

Descendants

• → Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɟaːŋᴮ² (“artisan; skillful”) (via Middle Chinese)
  • Thai: ช่าง (châang)
  • Northern Thai: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ
  • Khün: ᨩ᩵ᩣ᩠ᨦ
  • Lao: ຊ່າງ (sāng)
  • Lü: ᦋᦱᧂᧈ (tsaang¹)
  • Shan: ၸၢင်ႈ (tsāang)
  • Phake: ꩡင် (caṅ)
  • Ahom: 𑜋𑜂𑜫 (chaṅ)
• → Zhuang: cangh (“someone in a particular profession”) (via Middle Chinese)
• → Khmer: ជាង (ciəng) (via Middle Chinese)

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00420
• “匠”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 匠

匠

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ぞう (zō)^{←ざう (zau, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
• Kun: たくみ (takumi, 匠)

Compounds

• 匠(しょう)気(き) (shōki)
• 意(い)匠(しょう) (ishō)
• 師(し)匠(しょう) (shishō)
• 宗匠(そうしょう) (sōshō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
匠
たくみ Grade: S
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
工

Noun

匠(たくみ) • (takumi) 

1. craftsman, artisan
2. craft, craftsmanship, skill

Proper noun

匠(たくみ) • (Takumi) 

1. a male given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
匠
しょう Grade: S
on'yomi

Noun

匠(しょう) • (shō) 

1. skilled worker

Derived terms

• 鵜(う)匠(しょう) (ushō)
• 画(が)匠(しょう) (gashō)
• 楽(がく)匠(しょう) (gakushō)
• 剣(けん)匠(しょう) (kenshō)
• 工(こう)匠(しょう) (kōshō)
• 酒(さか)匠(しょう) (sakashō)
• 梓(し)匠(しょう) (shishō)
• 繍(しゅう)匠(しょう) (shūshō)
• 石(せき)匠(しょう) (sekishō)
• 鷹(たか)匠(じょう) (takajō)
• 刀(とう)匠(しょう) (tōshō)
• 名(めい)匠(しょう) (meishō)
• 木(もく)匠(しょう) (mokushō)

References

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 匠 (MC dzjangH). Recorded as Middle Korean 쟈ᇰ〯 (cyǎng) (Yale: cyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

匠

Wikisource 匠 (eumhun 장인 장 (jang'in jang))

1. hanja form^? of 장 (“craftsman, artisan”)

   Synonym: 工 (공 (gong))

Compounds

Compounds

• 공장 (工匠, gongjang, “craftsman”)
• 장인 (匠人, jang'in, “craftsman; artisan”)
• 거장 (巨匠, geojang, “master, virtuoso”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

匠: Hán Nôm readings: tượng

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