偽
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
Han character
偽 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人戈大火 (OIKF), four-corner 22227, composition ⿰亻為)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 112, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 927
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 195, character 4
- Unihan data for U+507D
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 偽 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Guwen Sishengyun (compiled in Song) | Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Transcribed ancient scripts | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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 s05848 Transcribed ancient scripts  L21811  L21812 | ||||
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Simplified from 僞 (爲 → 為). Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋʷrals): semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 為 (OC *ɢʷal, *ɢʷals, “to make”), originally “artificial”.
Etymology
Often thought to be derived from 為 (OC *ɢʷal, “to act as”) (Karlgren, 1956; Wang, 1982; Baxter and Sagart, 2014).
Alternatively, it may be cognate to 訛 (OC *ŋʷaːl, “erroneous”) (Schuessler, 2007); this may be compared to Tibetan རྔོད (rngod, “to deceive”), though the -d in Tibetan is unexplained (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014).
Jacques (2022, 2023) seems to attempt to unify the two etymologies above. He argues the Middle Chinese initial ng- in both 偽 (MC ngjweH) and 訛 (MC ngwa) come from a middle voice/intransitivizing prefix *ŋ-. 偽, reconstructed as *ŋ-waj-s, would be derived from 為 (OC waj) as the root.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai6
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngôi
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gui5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6we
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wěi
- Wade–Giles: wei3
- Yale: wěi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woei
- Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /weɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
- Wade–Giles: wei4
- Yale: wèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
- Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /weɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngai6
- Yale: ngaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngai6
- Guangdong Romanization: ngei6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɐi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngúi
- Hakka Romanization System: nguiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngui3
- Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: nguiˊ
- Sinological IPA: /ŋui²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngôi
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋui²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gui5
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gūi
- Sinological IPA (key): /kui²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- gūi - literary;
- ûi/ūi - colloquial variant.
- Middle Chinese: ngjweH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/, /*m-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷrals/
Definitions
偽
- false; counterfeit; bogus; fake; pseudo-; artificial
- falsehood; untruthfulness
- illegal; illegitimate
Compounds
- 世偽 / 世伪
- 乖偽 / 乖伪
- 乘偽行詐 / 乘伪行诈
- 以偽亂真 / 以伪乱真
- 作偽 / 作伪 (zuòwěi)
- 侈偽 / 侈伪
- 偽人 / 伪人
- 偽作 / 伪作 (wěizuò)
- 偽俗 / 伪俗
- 假偽 / 假伪
- 偽傳 / 伪传
- 偽冒 / 伪冒
- 偽劣 / 伪劣 (wěiliè)
- 偽化 / 伪化
- 偽史 / 伪史 (wěishǐ)
- 偽名 / 伪名
- 偽君子 / 伪君子 (wěijūnzǐ)
- 偽命 / 伪命
- 偽品 / 伪品
- 偽善 / 伪善 (wěishàn)
- 偽國 / 伪国 (wěiguó)
- 偽塗 / 伪涂
- 偽夫 / 伪夫
- 偽妄 / 伪妄
- 偽娘 / 伪娘 (wěiniáng)
- 偽媮 / 伪偷
- 偽孔 / 伪孔
- 偽孔傳 / 伪孔传
- 偽字 / 伪字
- 偽學 / 伪学
- 偽定 / 伪定
- 偽客 / 伪客
- 偽局 / 伪局
- 偽巧 / 伪巧
- 偽師 / 伪师
- 偽幣 / 伪币 (wěibì)
- 偽庭 / 伪庭
- 偽廉 / 伪廉
- 偽廷 / 伪廷
- 偽從 / 伪从
- 偽心 / 伪心
- 偽怠 / 伪怠
- 偽惑 / 伪惑
- 偽情 / 伪情
- 偽意 / 伪意
- 偽態 / 伪态
- 偽戾 / 伪戾
- 偽托 / 伪托 (wěituō)
- 偽撰
- 偽政府 / 伪政府
- 偽政權 / 伪政权 (wěizhèngquán)
- 偽方 / 伪方
- 偽易 / 伪易
- 偽書 / 伪书 (wěishū)
- 偽服 / 伪服
- 偽朝 / 伪朝
- 偽本 / 伪本
- 偽民 / 伪民
- 偽滿 / 伪满 (Wěimǎn)
- 偽滿洲國 / 伪满洲国 (Wěi-Mǎnzhōuguó)
- 偽物 / 伪物
- 偽百合 / 伪百合
- 偽皇 / 伪皇 (wěihuáng)
- 偽真 / 伪真
- 偽科學 / 伪科学 (wěikēxué)
- 偽端 / 伪端
- 偽筍 / 伪笋
- 偽組織 / 伪组织
- 偽經 / 伪经 (wěijīng)
- 偽繆 / 伪缪
- 偽臣 / 伪臣
- 偽荊卿 / 伪荆卿
- 偽蔽 / 伪蔽
- 偽薄 / 伪薄
- 偽藥 / 伪药
- 偽蠶 / 伪蚕
- 偽行 / 伪行
- 偽裝 / 伪装 (wěizhuāng)
- 偽裝滲透 / 伪装渗透
- 偽言 / 伪言
- 偽託 / 伪托 (wěituō)
- 偽詐 / 伪诈
- 偽說 / 伪说
- 偽論 / 伪论
- 偽謬 / 伪谬
- 偽證 / 伪证 (wěizhèng)
- 偽譔 / 伪撰
- 偽議 / 伪议
- 偽讓 / 伪让
- 偽貌 / 伪貌
- 偽足 / 伪足 (wěizú)
- 偽跡 / 伪迹
- 偽蹟 / 伪迹
- 偽軍 / 伪军 (wěijūn)
- 偽辭 / 伪辞
- 偽辯 / 伪辩
- 偽造 / 伪造 (wěizào)
- 偽造文書 / 伪造文书
- 偽道 / 伪道
- 偽金錢 / 伪金钱
- 偽鈔 / 伪钞 (wěichāo)
- 偽錢 / 伪钱
- 偽飾 / 伪饰
- 偽體 / 伪体
- 偽鳳 / 伪凤
- 偽麻黃鹼 / 伪麻黄碱 (wěimáhuángjiǎn)
- 偽黨 / 伪党
- 僭偽 / 僭伪
- 凶偽
- 別裁偽體 / 别裁伪体
- 化性起偽 / 化性起伪
- 南偽 / 南伪
- 厭偽 / 厌伪
- 去偽存真 / 去伪存真 (qùwěicúnzhēn)
- 妖偽 / 妖伪
- 姦偽 / 奸伪
- 巧偽 / 巧伪
- 幻偽 / 幻伪
- 彫偽 / 雕伪
- 情偽 / 情伪
- 慝偽 / 慝伪
- 敵偽 / 敌伪 (díwěi)
- 晦偽 / 晦伪
- 智偽 / 智伪
- 棄偽從真 / 弃伪从真
- 機偽 / 机伪
- 樹偽 / 树伪
- 欺偽 / 欺伪
- 汙偽 / 污伪
- 浮偽 / 浮伪
- 淺偽 / 浅伪
- 淫偽 / 淫伪
- 澆偽 / 浇伪
- 濫偽 / 滥伪
- 煩偽 / 烦伪
- 狡偽 / 狡伪
- 猾偽 / 猾伪
- 番偽 / 番伪
- 百偽 / 百伪
- 真偽 / 真伪 (zhēnwěi)
- 真偽莫辨 / 真伪莫辨
- 眾偽 / 众伪
- 矜偽 / 矜伪
- 矯偽 / 矫伪
- 矯言偽行 / 矫言伪行
- 矯飾偽行 / 矫饰伪行
- 祅偽 / 祅伪
- 積偽 / 积伪
- 空偽 / 空伪
- 篡偽 / 篡伪
- 苦偽 / 苦伪
- 華偽 / 华伪
- 虛偽 / 虚伪 (xūwěi)
- 蠱偽 / 蛊伪
- 行偽 / 行伪
- 託偽 / 托伪
- 訛偽 / 讹伪
- 詐偽 / 诈伪
- 詭偽 / 诡伪
- 誠偽 / 诚伪 (chéngwěi)
- 詿偽 / 诖伪
- 誣偽 / 诬伪
- 請偽 / 请伪
- 諂偽 / 谄伪
- 讎偽 / 雠伪
- 輕偽 / 轻伪
- 遂偽 / 遂伪
- 邀偽 / 邀伪
- 邪偽 / 邪伪
- 酢偽 / 酢伪
- 闇偽 / 暗伪
- 隱偽 / 隐伪
- 雕偽 / 雕伪
- 雜偽 / 杂伪
- 飾偽 / 饰伪
References
- “偽”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
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