五十日

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
五	十	日
ご Grade: 1	とお Grade: 1	ひ > び Grade: 1
on'yomi	kun'yomi

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五十日

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Compound of 五(ご) (go, “five”) + 十(とお) (tō, “ten”) + 日(ひ) (hi, “day”).

The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ごとおび [gòtóꜜòbì] (Nakadaka – [2])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɡo̞to̞ːbʲi]

Noun

五(ご)十(とお)日(び) • (gotōbi) ^{←ごとをび (gotowobi)?}

1. the days of a month that are multiples of 5 or 10 (as financial transactions in Japan are most frequent on these days, institutions and roads are usually crowded):
   1. 五日 (itsuka, go-nichi, “fifth (5th) day”)
   2. 十日 (tōka, jū-nichi, “tenth (10th) day”)
   3. 十五日 (jūgo-nichi, “fifteenth (15th) day”)
   4. 二十日 (hatsuka, nijū-nichi, “twentieth (20th) day”)
   5. 二十五日 (nijūgo-nichi, “twenty-fifth (25th) day”)
   6. 三十日 (misoka, sanjū-nichi, “thirtieth (30th) day”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
五	十	日
い		か Grade: 1
Grade: 1	Grade: 1
jukujikun		kun'yomi

Compound of 五十(い) (i, “fifty”, combining form) + 日(か) (ka, “day”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ika̠]

Noun

五十(い)日(か) • (ika) 

1. fifty days
   • c. 1028-1107, Eiga monogatari (volume 1, page 32)^[2]

     はかなう御(み)五十(い)日(か)なども過(す)ぎもていきて、生(う)まれ捨(す)て三月(みっか)といふに、七月(しちがつ)廿(にじゅう)三(さん)日(にち)に東宮(とうぐう)にたゝせ給(たまへ)ぬ。

     hakanau mi-ika nado mo sugitemoteikite, umare sute mikka to iu ni, shichi-gatsu nijūsan ni dōgū ni tatase tamaenu.

     (please add an English translation of this example)

   • c. 1080s, Sagoromo monogatari (volume 2, page 182)^[3]

     まことに、かの若宮(わかみや)の御(み)五十(い)日(か)にもなりぬれば、かゝる程(ほど)も、「いかでかは」とて、内裏(だいり)より、よろづに扱(あつか)はせ給(たまひ)けり。

     makoto ni, ka no wakamiya no mi-ika ni mo narinureba, kakaru hodo mo, “Ikade-kawa” tote, dairi yori, yorozu ni atsukawase-tamaikeri.

     (please add an English translation of this example)

2. Short for 五十日の祝 (ika no iwai): a Heian-period celebration on the 50th day after a child's birth
3. Short for 五十日の餅 (ika no mochii): mochi fed to the child during ika no iwai

Derived terms

• 五十(い)日(か)の祝(いわい) (ika no iwai)
• 五十(い)日(か)の餅(もちい) (ika no mochii)

References

1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. Matsumura, Hiroji, Yutaka Yamanaka (1964) [c. 1028-1107] Koten Bungaku Taikei 75: Eiga Monogatari Jō, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
3. Mitani, Eiichi, Yoshiko Sekine (1965) [post 11th century] Koten Bungaku Taikei 79: Sagoromo Monogatari, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN