乘
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Han character
乘 (Kangxi radical 4, 丿+9, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹木中心 (HDLP), four-corner 20901, composition ⿻禾北 or ⿻乖人)
Derived characters
Descendants
- (chiefly Japanese): 乗
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 83, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 154
- Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 40
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 40, character 1
- Unihan data for U+4E58
Etymology 1
Glyph origin
More information Historical forms of the character 乘, Shang ...
| Historical forms of the character 乘 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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 j14101  j14102  j14103  j14104  j14105  j14106  j14107  j14108  j14109  j14110  j14111  j14112  j14113  j14114  j14115  j14116  j14117  j14118  j14119  j14120  j14121  j14122  j14123  j14124  j14125  j14126  j14127  j14128  j14129  j14130  j14131  j14132  j14133  j14134  j14135  j14136  j14137  b08546  b08547  b08548  b08549  b08550  b08551  b08552  b08553  b08554  b08555  b08556  b08557  b08558  b08559  b08560 Transcribed ancient scripts  L33335  L33336  L33337  L33338  L33339  L33340  L33341  L33342  L33343  L33344  L11109  L11110  L11111  L11112  L11113  L11114  L11115  L11116  L11117  L11118  L11119  L11120  L11121  L11122  L11123 | |||
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References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Close
More information Old Chinese ...
Close
Pictogram (象形) – a person 大 climbing a tree 木, with the feet visible. Etymology clearer in alternative form 椉. In this form, simplified to 禾 (“tree and top”) + 北 (“feet”).
Pronunciation
More information Variety, Location ...
| Variety | Location | 乘 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ ～法 /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ ～車 | |
| Tianjin | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴⁵/ /t͡sʰəŋ⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /tʃʰəŋ⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ⁵³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃n⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡sʰən²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /sən³¹/ /t͡sʰən³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡sʰen²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /ʈ͡ʂʰə̃³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /ʈ͡ʂʰən²⁴/ | |
| Hefei | /ʈ͡ʂʰən⁵⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /ʈ͡ʂʰəŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡sʰə̃ŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zəŋ²³/ |
| Suzhou | /zən¹³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡zen²¹³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /zeŋ³¹/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕʰiʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰiɛ⁴⁴/ /t͡ɕʰian⁴⁴/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /ʂən¹³/ |
| Xiangtan | /ʂən¹²/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /sɨn⁴⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /sən¹¹/ |
| Taoyuan | /ʃen⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /seŋ²¹/ |
| Nanning | /seŋ²¹/ | |
| Hong Kong | /siŋ²¹/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /siŋ³⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /siŋ⁵³/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡sʰeiŋ²¹/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /seŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /seŋ³¹/ |
Close
More information Rime, Character ...
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乘 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 食陵切 |
| Baxter | zying |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʑɨŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʑɨŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʑieŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʑiŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡ʑiəŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡ʑĭəŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shéng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
sing4 |
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乘 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
chéng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ zying › |
| Old Chinese |
/*Cə.ləŋ/ |
| English | ride (v.) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
Close
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乘 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 1452 |
| Phonetic component |
乘 |
| Rime group |
蒸 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
繩 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɦljɯŋ/ |
Close
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sing4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n
- Eastern Min (BUC): sìng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tshen; 6zen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
- Wade–Giles: chʻêng2
- Yale: chéng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
- Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sing4
- Yale: sìhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: sing4
- Guangdong Romanization: xing4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɪŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n
- Hakka Romanization System: siinˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sin2
- Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng
- Sinological IPA (key): /siŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
Note:
- 2tshen - vernacular;
- 3zen - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: zying
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.ləŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯŋ/
Definitions
乘
- (literary) to ascend; to go up
- (literary) to drive (a horse, cart, etc.)
- to take (a form of transport)
- to make use of; to take advantage of
- (literary) to pursue; to attack
- (arithmetic) to multiply
- a surname
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “to multiply”): 除 (chú)
Compounds
- 三乘比
- 乘亂／乘乱
- 乘亂坐大／乘乱坐大
- 乘人不備／乘人不备
- 乘人之危 (chéngrénzhīwēi)
- 乘人之厄
- 乘便 (chéngbiàn)
- 乘偽行詐／乘伪行诈
- 乘傳／乘传
- 乘其不備／乘其不备
- 乘其不意
- 乘冪／乘幂 (chéngmì)
- 乘凶完配
- 乘務員／乘务员 (chéngwùyuán)
- 乘勝追擊／乘胜追击 (chéngshèngzhuījī)
- 乘勝逐北／乘胜逐北
- 乘勢／乘势 (chéngshì)
- 乘化
- 乘危
- 乘員／乘员 (chéngyuán)
- 乘坐 (chéngzuò)
- 乘堅策肥／乘坚策肥
- 乘堅驅良／乘坚驱良
- 乘夜 (chéngyè)
- 乘奔御風／乘奔御风
- 乘客 (chéngkè)
- 乘搭 (chéngdā)
- 乘數／乘数 (chéngshù)
- 乘方 (chéngfāng)
- 乘時／乘时 (chéngshí)
- 乘月 (chéngyuè)
- 乘桴
- 乘槎
- 乘機／乘机 (chéngjī)
- 乘機坐大／乘机坐大
- 乘機應變／乘机应变
- 乘法 (chéngfǎ)
- 乘流
- 乘涼／乘凉 (chéngliáng)
- 乘火打劫 (chénghuǒdǎjié)
- 乘田
- 乘積／乘积 (chéngjī)
- 乘空
- 乘肩
- 乘肥衣輕／乘肥衣轻
- 乘興／乘兴 (chéngxìng)
- 乘興而來／乘兴而来
- 乘船 (chéngchuán)
- 乘虛／乘虚 (chéngxū)
- 乘虛而入／乘虚而入 (chéngxū'érrù)
- 乘號／乘号 (chénghào)
- 乘車／乘车 (chéngchē)
- 乘車戴笠／乘车戴笠
- 乘軒／乘轩
- 乘軒鶴／乘轩鹤
- 乘輕驅肥／乘轻驱肥
- 乘輿／乘舆
- 乘輿播越／乘舆播越
- 乘輿播遷／乘舆播迁
- 乘酒
- 乘間／乘间 (chéngjiàn)
- 乘間投隙／乘间投隙
- 乘除 (chéngchú)
- 乘隙 (chéngxì)
- 乘隙而入 (chéngxì'érrù)
- 乘雲／乘云 (chéngyún)
- 乘風破浪／乘风破浪 (chéngfēngpòlàng)
- 乘鶴／乘鹤
- 乘鶴駕雲／乘鹤驾云
- 乘鸞跨鳳／乘鸾跨凤
- 乘黃／乘黄
- 乘龍／乘龙 (chénglóng)
- 乘龍佳婿／乘龙佳婿 (chénglóngjiāxù)
- 乘龍快婿／乘龙快婿 (chénglóng kuàixù)
- 伍員乘潮／伍员乘潮
- 共乘 (gòngchéng)
- 出乘
- 加減乘除／加减乘除 (jiājiǎn chéngchú)
- 可乘之機／可乘之机 (kěchéngzhījī)
- 可乘之隙
- 因利乘便 (yīnlìchéngbiàn)
- 搭乘 (dāchéng)
- 摶柱乘梁
- 有機可乘／有机可乘 (yǒujīkěchéng)
- 有隙可乘 (yǒuxìkěchéng)
- 服冕乘軒／服冕乘轩
- 無勢可乘／无势可乘
- 無機可乘／无机可乘
- 無隙可乘／无隙可乘 (wúxìkěchéng)
- 琴高乘鯉／琴高乘鲤
- 盛衰相乘
- 竊幸乘寵／窃幸乘宠
- 老鶴乘軒／老鹤乘轩
- 自乘 (zìchéng)
- 被乘數／被乘数 (bèichéngshù)
- 變亂紛乘／变乱纷乘
- 貨幣乘數／货币乘数
- 超乘
- 跨鳳乘鸞／跨凤乘鸾
- 跨鳳乘龍／跨凤乘龙
- 迭乘
- 陪乘
- 階乘／阶乘 (jiēchéng)
- 飛蓬乘風／飞蓬乘风
- 飛龍乘雲／飞龙乘云
- 騎乘／骑乘 (qíchéng)
- 鶴乘軒／鹤乘轩
- 黃帝乘龍／黄帝乘龙
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Tocharian B klenke (“vehicle”) or Tocharian B klānk, Tocharian A klānk (“to ride, travel (by vehicle)”).[1]
Pronunciation
More information Rime, Character ...
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乘 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 蒸 (133) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 實證切 |
| Baxter | zyingH |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/ʑɨŋH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/ʑɨŋH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/ʑieŋH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/ʑiŋH/ |
| Li Rong |
/d͡ʑiəŋH/ |
| Wang Li |
/d͡ʑĭəŋH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/d͡ʑʰi̯əŋH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
sing6 |
Close
More information Character, Reading # ...
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乘 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
shèng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ zyingH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*Cə.ləŋ-s/ |
| English | vehicle |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | |
Close
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 乘 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 1458 |
| Phonetic component |
乘 |
| Rime group |
蒸 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
乗 |
| Old Chinese |
/*ɦljɯŋs/ |
Close
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sing6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳn
- Eastern Min (BUC): sêng
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: shèng
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shèng
- Wade–Giles: shêng4
- Yale: shèng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenq
- Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: chéng
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chéng
- Wade–Giles: chʻêng2
- Yale: chéng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherng
- Palladius: чэн (čɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: chéng - Mainland standard for the Buddhism sense.
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sing6
- Yale: sihng
- Cantonese Pinyin: sing6
- Guangdong Romanization: xing6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɪŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳn
- Hakka Romanization System: siin
- Hagfa Pinyim: sin4
- Sinological IPA: /sɨn⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: zyingH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.ləŋ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯŋs/
Definitions
乘
Compounds
References
- “乘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Alexander Lubotsky (1998) “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390
Hanja
- to mount, to ride
- to take (a form of transport)
- (arithmetic) exponent
References
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