सम्-

See also: सम, सम्, and सं-

Hindi

Alternative forms

• सं- (san-) — before consonants

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit सम्- (sam-), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *sam-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sam-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *som- (“together, wholly”).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /səm/, [sɐ̃m]

Prefix

सम्- • (sam-)

1. with, together with, con-, co-
2. intensifier; fully, wholly

   ‎सम्- (sam-) + ‎पूर्ण (pūrṇ, “full”) → ‎संपूर्ण (sampūrṇ, “complete”)

Usage notes

Before consonants, सं- (san-, sam-) is preferred. Before -म्- (-m-), either सं- (sam-) or सम्- (sam-) can be used.

Derived terms

Hindi terms prefixed with सम्-

Related terms

• सम (sam)
• सह- (sah-)
• स- (sa-)

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “सम्-”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• सं- (saṃ-)

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• সম্- (Assamese script)
• ᬲᬫ᭄- (Balinese script)
• সম্- (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰦𑰿- (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑀫𑁆- (Brahmi script)
• သမ်- (Burmese script)
• સમ્- (Gujarati script)
• ਸਮ੍- (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑌮𑍍- (Grantha script)
• ꦱꦩ꧀- (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂧𑂹- (Kaithi script)
• ಸಮ್- (Kannada script)
• សម៑- (Khmer script)
• ສມ຺- (Lao script)
• സമ്- (Malayalam script)
• ᠰᠠᠮ᠊ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘦𑘿- (Modi script)
• ᠰᠠᠮ᠊ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧆𑧠- (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑐩𑑂- (Newa script)
• ସମ୍- (Odia script)
• ꢱꢪ꣄- (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆩𑇀- (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖦𑖿- (Siddham script)
• සම්- (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁𑩴 𑪙- (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚢𑚶- (Takri script)
• ஸம்- (Tamil script)
• సమ్- (Telugu script)
• สมฺ- (Thai script)
• ས་མ྄- (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑒧𑓂- (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑨢𑨴- (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sem-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *sam-

Sanskrit सम्- (sam-)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *sam-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sam-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *som- (“together, wholly”). Compare Middle Persian hm (ham-), Persian همـ (ham-) and Ancient Greek σύν (sún, “with, in company with, together with”) (whence English syn-). Compare also English same, some.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐm/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪ɐm/

Prefix

सम्- • (sam-)

1. with, together with, along with, together, altogether

Derived terms

Sanskrit terms prefixed with सम्-

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “सम्-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1152/1.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 702-3