संवत्सर

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit संवत्सर (saṃvatsará); equivalent to सम्- (sam-) +‎ वत्सर (vatsar).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /səm.ʋət̪.səɾ/, [sɐ̃m.wɐt̪.sɐɾ]

Noun

संवत्सर • (samvatsar) m

1. (rare, formal) a year

   Synonyms: वर्ष (varṣ), अब्द (abd), साल (sāl), बरस (baras)

2. a year of the Vikrama era, the first in a cycle of five or six years

Declension

	singular	plural
direct	संवत्सर samvatsar	संवत्सर samvatsar
oblique	संवत्सर samvatsar	संवत्सरों samvatsarõ
vocative	संवत्सर samvatsar	संवत्सरो samvatsaro

Declension of संवत्सर (masc cons-stem)

Further reading

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “संवत्सर”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• সংৱত্সৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬲᬂᬯᬢ᭄ᬲᬭ (Balinese script)
• সংবত্সর (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰽𑰪𑰝𑰿𑰭𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑀁𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀲𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• သံဝတ္သရ (Burmese script)
• સંવત્સર (Gujarati script)
• ਸਂਵਤ੍ਸਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑌂𑌵𑌤𑍍𑌸𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦱꦁꦮꦠ꧀ꦱꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂁𑂫𑂞𑂹𑂮𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಸಂವತ್ಸರ (Kannada script)
• សំវត្សរ (Khmer script)
• ສໍວຕ຺ສຣ (Lao script)
• സംവത്സര (Malayalam script)
• ᢀ᠋ᠰ᠌ᠠᠸᠠᢠᠰ᠌ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘽𑘪𑘝𑘿𑘭𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᢀ᠋ᠰᠠᠸᠠᢐᠰᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧞𑧊𑦽𑧠𑧍𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑑄𑐰𑐟𑑂𑐳𑐬 (Newa script)
• ସଂଵତ୍ସର (Odia script)
• ꢱꢀꢮꢡ꣄ꢱꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆁𑆮𑆠𑇀𑆱𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖽𑖪𑖝𑖿𑖭𑖨 (Siddham script)
• සංවත‍්සර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁𑪖𑩾𑩫 𑪙𑪁𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚫𑚦𑚙𑚶𑚨𑚤 (Takri script)
• ஸஂவத்ஸர (Tamil script)
• సంవత్సర (Telugu script)
• สํวตฺสร (Thai script)
• སཾ་ཝ་ཏྶ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑓀𑒫𑒞𑓂𑒮𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑨸𑨭𑨙𑩇𑨰𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *sem-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *sam-

Sanskrit सम्- (sam-)

Proto-Indo-European *wet-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *wétos

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *watsás

Sanskrit वत्स (vatsa)

Sanskrit वत्सर (vatsara)

Sanskrit संवत्सर (saṃvatsara)

From सम् (sam, “one; complete”) + Proto-Indo-European *wet- (“year”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐ̃.ʋɐt.sɐ.ɾɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪ɐ̃.ʋɐt̪.s̪ɐ.ɾɐ/

Noun

संवत्सर • (saṃvatsará) stem, m

1. a year, a full year
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 7.103.9:

     सं॒व॒त्स॒रे प्रा॒वृष्याग॑तायां त॒प्ता घ॒र्मा अ॑श्नुवते विस॒र्गम् ॥

     saṃvatsaré prāvṛ́ṣyā́gatāyāṃ taptā́ gharmā́ aśnuvate visargám .

     Soon as the Rain-time in the year returneth, these who were heated kettles gain their freedom.

2. a year of the vikrama era, the first in a cycle of five or six years

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of संवत्सर

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	संवत्सरः (saṃvatsaráḥ)	संवत्सरौ (saṃvatsaraú) संवत्सरा¹ (saṃvatsarā́¹)	संवत्सराः (saṃvatsarā́ḥ) संवत्सरासः¹ (saṃvatsarā́saḥ¹)
vocative	संवत्सर (sáṃvatsara)	संवत्सरौ (sáṃvatsarau) संवत्सरा¹ (sáṃvatsarā¹)	संवत्सराः (sáṃvatsarāḥ) संवत्सरासः¹ (sáṃvatsarāsaḥ¹)
accusative	संवत्सरम् (saṃvatsarám)	संवत्सरौ (saṃvatsaraú) संवत्सरा¹ (saṃvatsarā́¹)	संवत्सरान् (saṃvatsarā́n)
instrumental	संवत्सरेण (saṃvatsaréṇa)	संवत्सराभ्याम् (saṃvatsarā́bhyām)	संवत्सरैः (saṃvatsaraíḥ) संवत्सरेभिः¹ (saṃvatsarébhiḥ¹)
dative	संवत्सराय (saṃvatsarā́ya)	संवत्सराभ्याम् (saṃvatsarā́bhyām)	संवत्सरेभ्यः (saṃvatsarébhyaḥ)
ablative	संवत्सरात् (saṃvatsarā́t)	संवत्सराभ्याम् (saṃvatsarā́bhyām)	संवत्सरेभ्यः (saṃvatsarébhyaḥ)
genitive	संवत्सरस्य (saṃvatsarásya)	संवत्सरयोः (saṃvatsaráyoḥ)	संवत्सराणाम् (saṃvatsarā́ṇām)
locative	संवत्सरे (saṃvatsaré)	संवत्सरयोः (saṃvatsaráyoḥ)	संवत्सरेषु (saṃvatsaréṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Related terms

• संवत्सम् (saṃvatsam)
• वत्स (vatsa)

Descendants

• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀲𑀁𑀯𑀙𑀭 (saṃvachara), 𑀲𑀯𑀙𑀮 (savachala)
  • Prakrit: 𑀲𑀁𑀯𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀭 (saṃvacchara)
• Pali: saṃvacchara
• → Bengali: সংবৎসর (śoṅbotśor) (learned)
• → Gujarati: સંવત્સર (sãvatsar) (learned)
• → Hindustani: (learned)

  Hindi: संवत्सर (samvatsar)

• → Kannada: ಸಂವತ್ಸರ (saṃvatsara) (learned)
• → Marathi: संवत्सर (sauvatsar) (learned)
• → Nepali: सम्बत्सर (sambatsar) (learned)
• → Tamil: சம்வத்சரம் (camvatcaram) (learned)
• → Telugu: సంవత్సరము (saṁvatsaramu) (learned)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “संवत्सर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1114.