जानाति

See also: जनति and जनता

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• jānāti (Latin script)
• 𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀸𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• জানাতি (Bengali script)
• ජානාති (Sinhalese script)
• ဇာနာတိ or ၹႃၼႃတိ (Burmese script)
• ชานาติ (Thai script)
• ᨩᩣᨶᩣᨲᩥ (Tai Tham script)
• ຊານາຕິ (Lao script)
• ជានាតិ (Khmer script)
• 𑄎𑄂𑄚𑄂𑄖𑄨 (Chakma script)

Verb

जानाति (jānāti)

1. Devanagari script form of jānāti

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

• जानीते (jānīte) — ātmanepada

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• জানাতি (Assamese script)
• ᬚᬵᬦᬵᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
• জানাতি (Bengali script)
• 𑰕𑰯𑰡𑰯𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀸𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
• ဇာနာတိ (Burmese script)
• જાનાતિ (Gujarati script)
• ਜਾਨਾਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌜𑌾𑌨𑌾𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
• ꦗꦴꦤꦴꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
• 𑂔𑂰𑂢𑂰𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
• ಜಾನಾತಿ (Kannada script)
• ជានាតិ (Khmer script)
• ຊານາຕິ (Lao script)
• ജാനാതി (Malayalam script)
• ᡯᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᠨᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
• 𑘕𑘰𑘡𑘰𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
• ᠽᠠᢗᠨᠠᢗᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦵𑧑𑧁𑧑𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐖𑐵𑐣𑐵𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
• ଜାନାତି (Odia script)
• ꢙꢵꢥꢵꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆘𑆳𑆤𑆳𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
• 𑖕𑖯𑖡𑖯𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
• ජානාති (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩣𑩛𑩯𑩛𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚑𑚭𑚝𑚭𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
• ஜாநாதி (Tamil script)
• జానాతి (Telugu script)
• ชานาติ (Thai script)
• ཛཱ་ནཱ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
• 𑒖𑒰𑒢𑒰𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨥𑨊𑨝𑨊𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃-

Proto-Indo-European *-né-

Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ānáHti

Sanskrit जानाति (jānāti)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́ānáHti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ānáHti, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥néh₃ti (“to know”), from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬁𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (zānaⁱti), Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎴𐎠𐎿𐎠𐏃𐎹 (x-š-n-a-s-a-h-y /⁠xšnāsāhiy⁠/), Old Church Slavonic знати (znati), Russian знать (znatʹ), Old English cnāwan (whence English know).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑː.nɑ́ː.ti/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɑː.n̪ɑː.t̪i/

Verb

जानाति • (jānā́ti) third-singular indicative (class 9, type P, present, root ज्ञा)

1. to know, have knowledge, become acquainted with
2. to perceive, apprehend, understand, experience, recognize, ascertain, investigate
3. to know as, know or perceive that, regard or consider as
   1. (with मृषा (mṛṣā)) to consider as untrue
4. to acknowledge, approve, allow
5. to recognize as one's own, take possession of
6. to visit as a friend
7. to remember
8. to engage in
9. to make known, announce, teach anything
10. to inform any one (with genitive) that
11. to request, ask
12. to wish to know or become acquainted with or learn, investigate, examine
13. to wish for information about
14. to conjecture

Conjugation

Present: जानाति (jānā́ti), जानीते (jānīté)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	जानाति jānā́ti	जानीतः jānītáḥ	जानन्ति jānánti	जानीते jānīté	जानाते jānā́te	जानते jānáte
Second	जानासि jānā́si	जानीथः jānītháḥ	जानीथ jānīthá	जानीषे jānīṣé	जानाथे jānā́the	जानीध्वे jānīdhvé
First	जानामि jānā́mi	जानीवः jānīváḥ	जानीमः / जानीमसि¹ jānīmáḥ / jānīmási¹	जाने jāné	जानीवहे jānīváhe	जानीमहे jānīmáhe
Imperative
Third	जानातु jānā́tu	जानीताम् jānītā́m	जानन्तु jānántu	जानीताम् jānītā́m	जानाताम् jānā́tām	जानताम् jānátām
Second	जानीहि / जानीतात्¹ jānīhí / jānītā́t¹	जानीतम् jānītám	जानीत jānītá	जानीष्व jānīṣvá	जानाथाम् jānā́thām	जानीध्वम् jānīdhvám
First	जानानि jānā́ni	जानाव jānā́va	जानाम jānā́ma	जानै jānaí	जानावहै jānā́vahai	जानामहै jānā́mahai
Optative/Potential
Third	जानीयात् jānīyā́t	जानीयाताम् jānīyā́tām	जानीयुः jānīyúḥ	जानीत jānītá	जानीयाताम् jānīyā́tām	जानीरन् jānīrán
Second	जानीयाः jānīyā́ḥ	जानीयातम् jānīyā́tam	जानीयात jānīyā́ta	जानीथाः jānīthā́ḥ	जानीयाथाम् jānīyā́thām	जानीध्वम् jānīdhvám
First	जानीयाम् jānīyā́m	जानीयाव jānīyā́va	जानीयाम jānīyā́ma	जानीय jānīyá	जानीवहि jānīváhi	जानीमहि jānīmáhi
Subjunctive
Third	जानात् / जानाति jānā́t / jānā́ti	जानातः jānā́taḥ	जानान् jānā́n	जानाते / जानातै jānā́te / jānā́tai	जानैते jānaíte	जानान्त / जानान्तै jānā́nta / jānā́ntai
Second	जानाः / जानासि jānā́ḥ / jānā́si	जानाथः jānā́thaḥ	जानाथ jānā́tha	जानासे / जानासै jānā́se / jānā́sai	जानैथे jānaíthe	जानाध्वे / जानाध्वै jānā́dhve / jānā́dhvai
First	जानानि / जाना jānā́ni / jānā́	जानाव jānā́va	जानाम jānā́ma	जानै jānaí	जानावहै jānā́vahai	जानामहै jānā́mahai
Participles
	जानत् jānát			जानान jānāná
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अजानात् (ájānāt), अजानीत (ájānīta)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अजानात् ájānāt	अजानीताम् ájānītām	अजानन् ájānan	अजानीत ájānīta	अजानाताम् ájānātām	अजानत ájānata
Second	अजानाः ájānāḥ	अजानीतम् ájānītam	अजानीत ájānīta	अजानीथाः ájānīthāḥ	अजानाथाम् ájānāthām	अजानीध्वम् ájānīdhvam
First	अजानाम् ájānām	अजानीव ájānīva	अजानीम ájānīma	अजानि ájāni	अजानीवहि ájānīvahi	अजानीमहि ájānīmahi

Descendants

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Dameli: [script needed] (zān)
  • Kalasha: [script needed] (ǰhonem)
  • Kashmiri: زانُن (zānun)
  • Khowar: ژانک (žaník)
  • Phalura: جھون (ǰhōn)
  • Shumashti: [script needed] (zāni)
  • Torwali: جن (ǰan)
• Pali: jānāti
• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀦𑀢𑀺 (jānati)
  • Central:
    • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀇 (jāṇaï)
      • Awadhi: जानब (jānab)
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (jāṇadi)
      • Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
        • Hindustani:

          Hindi: जानना (jānnā)

          Urdu: جاننا (jānnā)

      • Romani: ʒanel, janel, zsánel, zhanel (Anglicized), džanel (Pan-Vlax)
        • → Romanian: gini (“to notice, to observe, to pay attention to”)
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀬𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (yāṇadi)
      • Bengali-Assamese:
        • Assamese: জানা (zana), জনা (zona)
        • Bengali: জানা (jana)
        • Sylheti: ꠎꠣꠘꠣ (zana)
      • Bihari:
        • Bhojpuri: जानल (jānal)
        • Maithili: जानब (jānab)
      • Odia: ଜାଣିବା (jāṇibā)
  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Garhwali: जाण्नु (jāṇnu)
      • Kumaoni: जाण्णो (jāṇṇo)
      • Nepali: जान्नु (jānnu)
  • Northwestern:
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Punjabi:

          Gurmukhi script: ਜਾਣਨਾ (jāṇnā)

          Shahmukhi script: جاننا (jānnā)

      • Vracada Apabhramsa:
        • Sindhi:

          Arabic script: ڄَاڻَڻُ

          Devanagari script: ॼाणणु

  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ދަންނަނީ (dan̊nanī)
      • Sinhalese: දන්නවා (dannawā)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀇 (jāṇaï), 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (jāṇadi) — Śaurasenī, 𑀬𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (yāṇadi) — Māgadhī, 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀸𑀇 (jāṇāi)
      • Konkani: jāṇce

        Devanagari script: जाण्चे

        Kannada script: ಜಾಣ್ಚೆ

        Latin script: zannche

      • Old Marathi: jāṇaṇe

        Modi script: 𑘕𑘰𑘜𑘜𑘹

        Devanagari script: जाणणे

        • Marathi: जाणणे (jāṇṇe)
  • Western:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀸𑀡𑀤𑀺 (jāṇadi)
      • Gurjara Apabhramsa:
        • Old Gujarati: जाणिवउं (jāṇivaũ)
          • Gujarati: જાણવું (jāṇvũ)
          • Marwari: जाणणौ (jāṇṇau)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “ज्ञा”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 425, column 2.