یل

See also: يل

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *yẹl (“wind”); cognate with Old Turkic 𐰘𐰠 (yél), Azerbaijani yel, Bashkir ел (yel), Chuvash ҫил (śil), Kazakh жел (jel), Kyrgyz жел (jel), Tatar җил (cil), Turkmen ýel and Uzbek yel.

Noun

یل • (yel)

1. wind, real or perceived movement of atmospheric air

   Synonyms: باد (bad), روزگار (rüzgâr), ریح (rih)

2. flatus, gas generated in the digestive tract
3. (pathology) rheumatism, any disorder of the muscles, tendons, etc.

Derived terms

• یللنمك (yellenmek, “to break wind”)
• یللو (yelli, “windy”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: yel
• → Armenian: ել (el, “rheumatism”)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “yel1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5276
• Hindoglu, Artin (1838) “یل”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français‎, Vienna: F. Beck, page 509a
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “یل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 1355
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Ventus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1732
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “یل”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 5596
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “yel”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “یل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2207

Persian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (yl /⁠yal⁠/, “hero”), of unclear further etymology. Initial ya- cannot be directly inherited from Proto-Iranian. It is possibly a borrowing from Alanic or some other Northeastern Iranian descendant of Proto-Iranian *Áryah (“Aryan, Iranian”),^[1] whence also ایران (irân, “Iran”). Compare Proto-Sarmatian *Allān (“of the Aryans”, genitive plural).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [jal]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [jäl]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [jäl]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [jäl]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [jäl̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [jæl̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [jäl]

Readings
Classical reading?	yal
Dari reading?	yal
Iranian reading?	yal
Tajik reading?	yal

Noun

یل • (yal)

1. hero, great warrior

   Synonyms: قهرمان (qahramân), پهلوان (pahlavân)

   • c. 1030, Fakhr al-Dīn Asʿad Gurgānī, ويس و رامين [Vīs u Rāmīn]‎:

     مهان نامی از هر شهر و کشور
     یلان جنگی از هر مرز و گوهر

     mihān-i nāmī az har šahr u kišwar
     yalān-i jangī az har marz u gawhar

     Renowned nobles from every city and kingdom,
     Warlike heroes from every borderland and bloodline.

     (Classical Persian romanization)

References

1. D. N. Mackenzie (1984) “Review of "Die Geschichte Zarēr's" by Davoud Monchi-Zadeh”, in Indo-Iranian Journal, volume 27, number 2, page 160