رف

See also: رق

Arabic

Etymology 1

Disputed etymology:

• Natively from the root ر ف ف (r-f-f) in the sense of an outstretched wing being symbolic of protection, a coverlet; hence originally an awning or covering; semantically becoming a story or tier of a building as each window would feature such a cloth shelf above it. Parallel semantic conception found with Hebrew רפפות (“window shutters; a collection of layered thin strips”) and Western Neo-Aramaic ܪܦ (rap, “level, story; room, chamber”).
• Natively from the root ر ف ف (r-f-f) in the sense of stretching elbows out on a pillow or cushion, stemming from an outstretched wing; hence a place to place things, a place to spread things out on.
• From Aramaic found in its descendant Western Neo-Aramaic ܪܦ (rap, “level, story; room, chamber”) of uncertain etymology, but considered likely foreign or possibly even borrowed from Arabic; as for a foreign source possibly connected to Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /raff/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

رَفّ • (raff) m (plural رُفُوف (rufūf) or أَرْفُف (ʔarfuf) or رِفَاف (rifāf))

1. sill; shelf; whatnot
   • p. 2000, كَرِيم مَعْتُوق (karīm maʕtūq)‎:

     مَا مَرَّ شَذَاهَا بِخُطُوطِ الْوَرَقِ الْمُلْقَى عَلَى الْأَرْفُفِ

     mā marra šaḏāhā biḵuṭūṭi l-waraqi l-mulqā ʕalā l-ʔarfufi

     Her scent has not yet passed from the lines of the papers deposed on the shelves.

Declension

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَفّ raff	الرَّفّ ar-raff	رَفّ raff
Nominative	رَفٌّ raffun	الرَّفُّ ar-raffu	رَفُّ raffu
Accusative	رَفًّا raffan	الرَّفَّ ar-raffa	رَفَّ raffa
Genitive	رَفٍّ raffin	الرَّفِّ ar-raffi	رَفِّ raffi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَفَّيْن raffayn	الرَّفَّيْن ar-raffayn	رَفَّيْ raffay
Nominative	رَفَّانِ raffāni	الرَّفَّانِ ar-raffāni	رَفَّا raffā
Accusative	رَفَّيْنِ raffayni	الرَّفَّيْنِ ar-raffayni	رَفَّيْ raffay
Genitive	رَفَّيْنِ raffayni	الرَّفَّيْنِ ar-raffayni	رَفَّيْ raffay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رُفُوف‎; أَرْفُف‎; رِفَاف rufūf‎; ʔarfuf‎; rifāf	الرُّفُوف‎; الْأَرْفُف‎; الرِّفَاف ar-rufūf‎; al-ʔarfuf‎; ar-rifāf	رُفُوف‎; أَرْفُف‎; رِفَاف rufūf‎; ʔarfuf‎; rifāf
Nominative	رُفُوفٌ‎; أَرْفُفٌ‎; رِفَافٌ rufūfun‎; ʔarfufun‎; rifāfun	الرُّفُوفُ‎; الْأَرْفُفُ‎; الرِّفَافُ ar-rufūfu‎; al-ʔarfufu‎; ar-rifāfu	رُفُوفُ‎; أَرْفُفُ‎; رِفَافُ rufūfu‎; ʔarfufu‎; rifāfu
Accusative	رُفُوفًا‎; أَرْفُفًا‎; رِفَافًا rufūfan‎; ʔarfufan‎; rifāfan	الرُّفُوفَ‎; الْأَرْفُفَ‎; الرِّفَافَ ar-rufūfa‎; al-ʔarfufa‎; ar-rifāfa	رُفُوفَ‎; أَرْفُفَ‎; رِفَافَ rufūfa‎; ʔarfufa‎; rifāfa
Genitive	رُفُوفٍ‎; أَرْفُفٍ‎; رِفَافٍ rufūfin‎; ʔarfufin‎; rifāfin	الرُّفُوفِ‎; الْأَرْفُفِ‎; الرِّفَافِ ar-rufūfi‎; al-ʔarfufi‎; ar-rifāfi	رُفُوفِ‎; أَرْفُفِ‎; رِفَافِ rufūfi‎; ʔarfufi‎; rifāfi

Declension of noun رَفّ (raff)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: rəf
• → Catalan: ràfec (“eaves”)
• → Persian: رف (raf)
• → Ottoman Turkish: راف (raf)
  • Turkish: raf
  • → Albanian: raft
  • → Armenian: ըռաֆ (əṙaf), ռաֆ (ṙaf)
  • → Bulgarian: рафт (raft)
  • → Greek: ράφι (ráfi)
  • → Romanian: raft
  • → Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: ра̏ф

    Latin script: rȁf

• → Swahili: rafu

Etymology 2

Root
ر ف ف (r f f)
1 term

Verb

رَفَّ • (raffa) I (non-past يَرِفُّ (yariffu), verbal noun رَفّ (raff) or رَفِيف (rafīf))

1. to gleam

Conjugation

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						رَفّ, رَفِيف raff, rafīf
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						رَافّ rāff
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَرْفُوف marfūf
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رَفَفْتُ rafaftu	رَفَفْتَ rafafta	رَفَّ raffa		رَفَفْتُمَا rafaftumā	رَفَّا raffā		رَفَفْنَا rafafnā	رَفَفْتُمْ rafaftum	رَفُّوا raffū
	f		رَفَفْتِ rafafti	رَفَّتْ raffat			رَفَّتَا raffatā			رَفَفْتُنَّ rafaftunna	رَفَفْنَ rafafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَرِفُّ ʔariffu	تَرِفُّ tariffu	يَرِفُّ yariffu		تَرِفَّانِ tariffāni	يَرِفَّانِ yariffāni		نَرِفُّ nariffu	تَرِفُّونَ tariffūna	يَرِفُّونَ yariffūna
	f		تَرِفِّينَ tariffīna	تَرِفُّ tariffu			تَرِفَّانِ tariffāni			تَرْفِفْنَ tarfifna	يَرْفِفْنَ yarfifna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَرِفَّ ʔariffa	تَرِفَّ tariffa	يَرِفَّ yariffa		تَرِفَّا tariffā	يَرِفَّا yariffā		نَرِفَّ nariffa	تَرِفُّوا tariffū	يَرِفُّوا yariffū
	f		تَرِفِّي tariffī	تَرِفَّ tariffa			تَرِفَّا tariffā			تَرْفِفْنَ tarfifna	يَرْفِفْنَ yarfifna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَرِفَّ, أَرِفِّ, أَرْفِفْ ʔariffa, ʔariffi, ʔarfif	تَرِفَّ, تَرِفِّ, تَرْفِفْ tariffa, tariffi, tarfif	يَرِفَّ, يَرِفِّ, يَرْفِفْ yariffa, yariffi, yarfif		تَرِفَّا tariffā	يَرِفَّا yariffā		نَرِفَّ, نَرِفِّ, نَرْفِفْ nariffa, nariffi, narfif	تَرِفُّوا tariffū	يَرِفُّوا yariffū
	f		تَرِفِّي tariffī	تَرِفَّ, تَرِفِّ, تَرْفِفْ tariffa, tariffi, tarfif			تَرِفَّا tariffā			تَرْفِفْنَ tarfifna	يَرْفِفْنَ yarfifna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		رِفَّ, رِفِّ, اِرْفِفْ riffa, riffi, irfif			رِفَّا riffā				رِفُّوا riffū
	f		رِفِّي riffī							اِرْفِفْنَ irfifna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	رُفَّ ruffa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُرَفُّ yuraffu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُرَفَّ yuraffa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُرَفَّ, يُرَفِّ, يُرْفَفْ yuraffa, yuraffi, yurfaf		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

    Conjugation of رَفَّ (I, geminate, a ~ i, impersonal passive (?), verbal nouns رَفّ, رَفِيف)

Verb

رَفَّ • (raffa) I (non-past يَرُفُّ (yaruffu) or يَرِفُّ (yariffu), verbal noun رَفّ (raff))

1. to tremble, to flutter, to twitch
2. to flicker, to glint

Conjugation

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						رَفّ raff
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						رَافّ rāff
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَرْفُوف marfūf
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رَفَفْتُ rafaftu	رَفَفْتَ rafafta	رَفَّ raffa		رَفَفْتُمَا rafaftumā	رَفَّا raffā		رَفَفْنَا rafafnā	رَفَفْتُمْ rafaftum	رَفُّوا raffū
	f		رَفَفْتِ rafafti	رَفَّتْ raffat			رَفَّتَا raffatā			رَفَفْتُنَّ rafaftunna	رَفَفْنَ rafafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَرُفُّ, أَرِفُّ ʔaruffu, ʔariffu	تَرُفُّ, تَرِفُّ taruffu, tariffu	يَرُفُّ, يَرِفُّ yaruffu, yariffu		تَرُفَّانِ, تَرِفَّانِ taruffāni, tariffāni	يَرُفَّانِ, يَرِفَّانِ yaruffāni, yariffāni		نَرُفُّ, نَرِفُّ naruffu, nariffu	تَرُفُّونَ, تَرِفُّونَ taruffūna, tariffūna	يَرُفُّونَ, يَرِفُّونَ yaruffūna, yariffūna
	f		تَرُفِّينَ, تَرِفِّينَ taruffīna, tariffīna	تَرُفُّ, تَرِفُّ taruffu, tariffu			تَرُفَّانِ, تَرِفَّانِ taruffāni, tariffāni			تَرْفُفْنَ, تَرْفِفْنَ tarfufna, tarfifna	يَرْفُفْنَ, يَرْفِفْنَ yarfufna, yarfifna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَرُفَّ, أَرِفَّ ʔaruffa, ʔariffa	تَرُفَّ, تَرِفَّ taruffa, tariffa	يَرُفَّ, يَرِفَّ yaruffa, yariffa		تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا taruffā, tariffā	يَرُفَّا, يَرِفَّا yaruffā, yariffā		نَرُفَّ, نَرِفَّ naruffa, nariffa	تَرُفُّوا, تَرِفُّوا taruffū, tariffū	يَرُفُّوا, يَرِفُّوا yaruffū, yariffū
	f		تَرُفِّي, تَرِفِّي taruffī, tariffī	تَرُفَّ, تَرِفَّ taruffa, tariffa			تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا taruffā, tariffā			تَرْفُفْنَ, تَرْفِفْنَ tarfufna, tarfifna	يَرْفُفْنَ, يَرْفِفْنَ yarfufna, yarfifna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَرُفَّ, أَرُفِّ, أَرْفُفْ, أَرِفَّ, أَرِفِّ, أَرْفِفْ ʔaruffa, ʔaruffi, ʔarfuf, ʔariffa, ʔariffi, ʔarfif	تَرُفَّ, تَرُفِّ, تَرْفُفْ, تَرِفَّ, تَرِفِّ, تَرْفِفْ taruffa, taruffi, tarfuf, tariffa, tariffi, tarfif	يَرُفَّ, يَرُفِّ, يَرْفُفْ, يَرِفَّ, يَرِفِّ, يَرْفِفْ yaruffa, yaruffi, yarfuf, yariffa, yariffi, yarfif		تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا taruffā, tariffā	يَرُفَّا, يَرِفَّا yaruffā, yariffā		نَرُفَّ, نَرُفِّ, نَرْفُفْ, نَرِفَّ, نَرِفِّ, نَرْفِفْ naruffa, naruffi, narfuf, nariffa, nariffi, narfif	تَرُفُّوا, تَرِفُّوا taruffū, tariffū	يَرُفُّوا, يَرِفُّوا yaruffū, yariffū
	f		تَرُفِّي, تَرِفِّي taruffī, tariffī	تَرُفَّ, تَرُفِّ, تَرْفُفْ, تَرِفَّ, تَرِفِّ, تَرْفِفْ taruffa, taruffi, tarfuf, tariffa, tariffi, tarfif			تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا taruffā, tariffā			تَرْفُفْنَ, تَرْفِفْنَ tarfufna, tarfifna	يَرْفُفْنَ, يَرْفِفْنَ yarfufna, yarfifna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		رُفَّ, رُفِّ, اُرْفُفْ, رِفَّ, رِفِّ, اِرْفِفْ ruffa, ruffi, urfuf, riffa, riffi, irfif			رُفَّا, رِفَّا ruffā, riffā				رُفُّوا, رِفُّوا ruffū, riffū
	f		رُفِّي, رِفِّي ruffī, riffī							اُرْفُفْنَ, اِرْفِفْنَ urfufna, irfifna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	رُفَّ ruffa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُرَفُّ yuraffu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُرَفَّ yuraffa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُرَفَّ, يُرَفِّ, يُرْفَفْ yuraffa, yuraffi, yurfaf		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

    Conjugation of رَفَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u/i, impersonal passive (?), verbal noun رَفّ)

Verb

رَفَّ • (raffa) I (non-past يَرُفُّ (yaruffu) or يَرِفُّ (yariffu), verbal noun رُفُوف (rufūf) or رَفِيف (rafīf))

1. to serve diligently (لِ (li) someone)

Conjugation

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						رُفُوف, رَفِيف rufūf, rafīf
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						رَافّ rāff
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَرْفُوف marfūf
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	رَفَفْتُ rafaftu	رَفَفْتَ rafafta	رَفَّ raffa		رَفَفْتُمَا rafaftumā	رَفَّا raffā		رَفَفْنَا rafafnā	رَفَفْتُمْ rafaftum	رَفُّوا raffū
	f		رَفَفْتِ rafafti	رَفَّتْ raffat			رَفَّتَا raffatā			رَفَفْتُنَّ rafaftunna	رَفَفْنَ rafafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَرُفُّ, أَرِفُّ ʔaruffu, ʔariffu	تَرُفُّ, تَرِفُّ taruffu, tariffu	يَرُفُّ, يَرِفُّ yaruffu, yariffu		تَرُفَّانِ, تَرِفَّانِ taruffāni, tariffāni	يَرُفَّانِ, يَرِفَّانِ yaruffāni, yariffāni		نَرُفُّ, نَرِفُّ naruffu, nariffu	تَرُفُّونَ, تَرِفُّونَ taruffūna, tariffūna	يَرُفُّونَ, يَرِفُّونَ yaruffūna, yariffūna
	f		تَرُفِّينَ, تَرِفِّينَ taruffīna, tariffīna	تَرُفُّ, تَرِفُّ taruffu, tariffu			تَرُفَّانِ, تَرِفَّانِ taruffāni, tariffāni			تَرْفُفْنَ, تَرْفِفْنَ tarfufna, tarfifna	يَرْفُفْنَ, يَرْفِفْنَ yarfufna, yarfifna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَرُفَّ, أَرِفَّ ʔaruffa, ʔariffa	تَرُفَّ, تَرِفَّ taruffa, tariffa	يَرُفَّ, يَرِفَّ yaruffa, yariffa		تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا taruffā, tariffā	يَرُفَّا, يَرِفَّا yaruffā, yariffā		نَرُفَّ, نَرِفَّ naruffa, nariffa	تَرُفُّوا, تَرِفُّوا taruffū, tariffū	يَرُفُّوا, يَرِفُّوا yaruffū, yariffū
	f		تَرُفِّي, تَرِفِّي taruffī, tariffī	تَرُفَّ, تَرِفَّ taruffa, tariffa			تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا taruffā, tariffā			تَرْفُفْنَ, تَرْفِفْنَ tarfufna, tarfifna	يَرْفُفْنَ, يَرْفِفْنَ yarfufna, yarfifna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَرُفَّ, أَرُفِّ, أَرْفُفْ, أَرِفَّ, أَرِفِّ, أَرْفِفْ ʔaruffa, ʔaruffi, ʔarfuf, ʔariffa, ʔariffi, ʔarfif	تَرُفَّ, تَرُفِّ, تَرْفُفْ, تَرِفَّ, تَرِفِّ, تَرْفِفْ taruffa, taruffi, tarfuf, tariffa, tariffi, tarfif	يَرُفَّ, يَرُفِّ, يَرْفُفْ, يَرِفَّ, يَرِفِّ, يَرْفِفْ yaruffa, yaruffi, yarfuf, yariffa, yariffi, yarfif		تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا taruffā, tariffā	يَرُفَّا, يَرِفَّا yaruffā, yariffā		نَرُفَّ, نَرُفِّ, نَرْفُفْ, نَرِفَّ, نَرِفِّ, نَرْفِفْ naruffa, naruffi, narfuf, nariffa, nariffi, narfif	تَرُفُّوا, تَرِفُّوا taruffū, tariffū	يَرُفُّوا, يَرِفُّوا yaruffū, yariffū
	f		تَرُفِّي, تَرِفِّي taruffī, tariffī	تَرُفَّ, تَرُفِّ, تَرْفُفْ, تَرِفَّ, تَرِفِّ, تَرْفِفْ taruffa, taruffi, tarfuf, tariffa, tariffi, tarfif			تَرُفَّا, تَرِفَّا taruffā, tariffā			تَرْفُفْنَ, تَرْفِفْنَ tarfufna, tarfifna	يَرْفُفْنَ, يَرْفِفْنَ yarfufna, yarfifna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		رُفَّ, رُفِّ, اُرْفُفْ, رِفَّ, رِفِّ, اِرْفِفْ ruffa, ruffi, urfuf, riffa, riffi, irfif			رُفَّا, رِفَّا ruffā, riffā				رُفُّوا, رِفُّوا ruffū, riffū
	f		رُفِّي, رِفِّي ruffī, riffī							اُرْفُفْنَ, اِرْفِفْنَ urfufna, irfifna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	—	—	رُفَّ ruffa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	—	—	يُرَفُّ yuraffu		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	—	—	يُرَفَّ yuraffa		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	—	—	يُرَفَّ, يُرَفِّ, يُرْفَفْ yuraffa, yuraffi, yurfaf		—	—		—	—	—
	f		—	—			—			—	—

    Conjugation of رَفَّ (I, geminate, a ~ u/i, impersonal passive (?), verbal nouns رُفُوف, رَفِيف)

Noun

رَفّ • (raff) m

1. verbal noun of رَفَّ (raffa) (form I)

Declension

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	رَفّ raff	الرَّفّ ar-raff	رَفّ raff
Nominative	رَفٌّ raffun	الرَّفُّ ar-raffu	رَفُّ raffu
Accusative	رَفًّا raffan	الرَّفَّ ar-raffa	رَفَّ raffa
Genitive	رَفٍّ raffin	الرَّفِّ ar-raffi	رَفِّ raffi

Declension of noun رَفّ (raff)

References

• Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 13
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “رف”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 170
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “رف”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 892
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “رف”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1115–1116
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “رف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 403
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “رف”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 483

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic رَفّ (raff).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ɾaf]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [räf]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [räf]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [räf]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [räf]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ɹæf]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ɾäf]

Readings
Classical reading?	raf
Dari reading?	raf
Iranian reading?	raf
Tajik reading?	raf

Noun

رف • (raf)

1. shelf, ledge, rack