псувам
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Bulgarian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pьsovati (“to address a dog”). By surface analysis, пес (pes) + -увам (-uvam). Cognate with Macedonian пцуе (pcue), Serbo-Croatian псо̀вати, Slovene psováti, Russian псова́ть (psovátʹ) (colloquial), Polish psować. Semantically analogous with German hunzen (“to cuss”) (from Hund (“dog”)), Lithuanian šunióti (“to curse”) (from šuõ (“dog”)).
Verb
псу́вам • (psúvam) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (intransitive) to swear
- (intransitive) to curse, to cuss
- Synonyms: ругая (rugaja), клеветя (klevetja)
Conjugation
| participles | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | indefinite | псу́ващ psúvašt |
псу́вал, псува́л1 psúval, psuvál1 |
псу́вал psúval |
— | псу́вайки psúvajki | |
| definite subject form | псу́ващият psúvaštijat |
псу́валият, псува́лият1 psúvalijat, psuválijat1 |
— | — | |||
| definite object form | псу́ващия psúvaštija |
псу́валия, псува́лия1 psúvalija, psuválija1 |
— | — | |||
| feminine | indefinite | псу́ваща psúvašta |
псу́вала, псува́ла1 psúvala, psuvála1 |
псу́вала psúvala |
— | ||
| definite | псу́ващата psúvaštata |
псу́валата, псува́лата1 psúvalata, psuválata1 |
— | — | |||
| neuter | indefinite | псу́ващо psúvašto |
псу́вало, псува́ло1 psúvalo, psuválo1 |
псу́вало psúvalo |
— | псу́ване psúvane | |
| definite | псу́ващото psúvaštoto |
псу́валото, псува́лото1 psúvaloto, psuváloto1 |
— | — | псу́ването psúvaneto | ||
| plural | indefinite | псу́ващи psúvašti |
псу́вали, псува́ли1 psúvali, psuváli1 |
псу́вали psúvali |
— | псу́вания, псу́ванета psúvanija, psúvaneta | |
| definite | псу́ващите psúvaštite |
псу́валите, псува́лите1 psúvalite, psuválite1 |
— | — | псу́ванията, псу́ванетата psúvanijata, psúvanetata | ||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present | псу́вам psúvam |
псу́ваш psúvaš |
псу́ва psúva |
псу́ваме psúvame |
псу́вате psúvate |
псу́ват psúvat | |
| imperfect | псу́вах psúvah |
псу́ваше psúvaše |
псу́ваше psúvaše |
псу́вахме psúvahme |
псу́вахте psúvahte |
псу́ваха psúvaha | |
| aorist | псу́вах, псува́х1 psúvah, psuváh1 |
псу́ва, псува́1 psúva, psuvá1 |
псу́ва, псува́1 psúva, psuvá1 |
псу́вахме, псува́хме1 psúvahme, psuváhme1 |
псу́вахте, псува́хте1 psúvahte, psuváhte1 |
псу́ваха, псува́ха1 psúvaha, psuváha1 | |
| future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl | ||||||
| past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl | ||||||
| renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and псу́вал m, псу́вала f, псу́вало n, or псу́вали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl | ||||||
| dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and псу́вал m, псу́вала f, псу́вало n, or псу́вали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | none | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and псу́вал m, псу́вала f, псу́вало n, or псу́вали pl | ||||||
| aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
| neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
| present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl | ||||||
| future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl | ||||||
| conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
| Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and псу́вал/псува́л1 m, псу́вала/псува́ла1 f, псу́вало/псува́ло1 n, or псу́вали/псува́ли1 pl | |||||||
| imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
| псу́вай psúvaj |
псу́вайте psúvajte |
||||||
Conjugation of псу́вам (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)
1Dialectally marked.
Derived terms
- запсу́вам (zapsúvam), запцу́ем (zapcúem, “to get swearing”)
- изпсу́вам (izpsúvam, “to say a swear word”)
- попсу́вам (popsúvam, “to swear for a while”)
- препсу́вам (prepsúvam, “to cuss”)
- пропсу́вам (propsúvam, “to swear for a first time”)
- разпсу́вам (razpsúvam, “to curse everyone around”)
- псувня́ (psuvnjá, “swear word”)
- псо́вка (psóvka), пцо́вка (pcóvka, “expletive”) (dialectal)
Related terms
References
- “псувам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
- Duridanov, I. V., Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (1996), “псувам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 5 (падѐж – пỳска), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 841
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