φάραγξ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ἄσφαραγος (áspharagos)
• σφάραγγες (spháranges)

Etymology

According to Beekes, from Pre-Greek, like σῆραγξ (sêranx) and φάλαγξ (phálanx). Furnée compares also μάραγοι (máragoi, “overhanging places”) and Spanish barranca (“ravine”). Mark the similar ending in the reconstructed root word for English avalanche, *labanka.

But compare the family of Latin forō, feriō and Armenian բերան (beran, “mouth, opening”), all from *bʰerH- (“to pierce, strike”). Compare also Ancient Greek φάρυγξ (phárunx) and Latin frūmen, both possibly from *bʰruHg- (“to use, enjoy”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pʰá.raŋks/ → /ˈɸa.raŋks/ → /ˈfa.raŋks/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰá.raŋks/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpʰa.raŋks/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɸa.raŋks/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈfa.raŋks/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈfa.raŋks/

Noun

φᾰ́ρᾰγξ • (pháranx) f (genitive φᾰ́ρᾰγγος); third declension

1. ravine, cleft, chasm, gully, abyss

Declension

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ φᾰ́ρᾰγξ hē pháranx	τὼ φᾰ́ρᾰγγε tṑ phárange	αἱ φᾰ́ρᾰγγες hai pháranges
Genitive	τῆς φᾰ́ρᾰγγος tês phárangos	τοῖν φᾰρᾰ́γγοιν toîn pharángoin	τῶν φᾰρᾰ́γγων tôn pharángōn
Dative	τῇ φᾰ́ρᾰγγῐ têi phárangi	τοῖν φᾰρᾰ́γγοιν toîn pharángoin	ταῖς φᾰ́ρᾰγξῐ / φᾰ́ρᾰγξῐν taîs pháranxi(n)
Accusative	τὴν φᾰ́ρᾰγγᾰ tḕn pháranga	τὼ φᾰ́ρᾰγγε tṑ phárange	τᾱ̀ς φᾰ́ρᾰγγᾰς tā̀s phárangas
Vocative	φᾰ́ρᾰγξ pháranx	φᾰ́ρᾰγγε phárange	φᾰ́ρᾰγγες pháranges
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ἡ φᾰ́ρᾰγξ; τῆς φᾰ́ρᾰγγος (Attic)

Derived terms

• φᾰρᾰγγαῖον (pharangaîon)
• φᾰρᾰ́γγῐον (pharángion)
• φᾰρᾰγγῑ́της (pharangī́tēs)
• φᾰρᾰγγόω (pharangóō)
• φᾰρᾰγγώδης (pharangṓdēs)

 

Descendants

• Greek: φαράγγι (farángi)

Further reading

• “φάραγξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• φάραγξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN