πῶλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w-. Cognates include Latin paulus, Old Armenian ուլ (ul), and Old English fola (English foal).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pɔ̂ː.los/ → /ˈpo.los/ → /ˈpo.los/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pɔ̂ː.los/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpo.los/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpo.los/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpo.los/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpo.los/

Noun

πῶλος • (pôlos) m or f (genitive πώλου); second declension

1. foal, young horse, whether colt or filly
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 20.222
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 23.246
   1. a young animal, especially domestic
      • 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 9.1,32
   2. (poetic) a young girl, maiden
      • 100 BCE – 600 CE, Anacreontea 75
2. a Corinthian coin, from the figure of Pegasus on it
   • 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 676

Inflection

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πῶλος ho pôlos	τὼ πώλω tṑ pṓlō	οἱ πῶλοι hoi pôloi
Genitive	τοῦ πώλου toû pṓlou	τοῖν πώλοιν toîn pṓloin	τῶν πώλων tôn pṓlōn
Dative	τῷ πώλῳ tôi pṓlōi	τοῖν πώλοιν toîn pṓloin	τοῖς πώλοις toîs pṓlois
Accusative	τὸν πῶλον tòn pôlon	τὼ πώλω tṑ pṓlō	τοὺς πώλους toùs pṓlous
Vocative	πῶλε pôle	πώλω pṓlō	πῶλοι pôloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of ὁ πῶλος; τοῦ πώλου (Attic)

Derived terms

• Ἐχέπωλος (Ekhépōlos)
• ταχύπωλος (takhúpōlos)

Descendants

From the diminutive πωλίον (pōlíon)

• Greek: πουλί n (poulí, “bird”)

From the diminutive πωλάριον (pōlárion)

• Greek: πουλάρι n (poulári, “foal”)

References

• “πῶλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “πῶλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “πῶλος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• πῶλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• πῶλος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “πῶλος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G4454 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • charger idem, page 125.
  • colt idem, page 144.
  • filly idem, page 320.
  • foal idem, page 331.
  • horse idem, page 406.
  • young idem, page 997.