κύπτω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Related to, and perhaps derived from, κυφός (kuphós, “bent forward, hunchbacked”), which Beekes suspects is of Pre-Greek origin; see there for more.^[1]

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kýp.tɔː/ → /ˈcyp.to/ → /ˈcip.to/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kýp.tɔː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈkyp.to/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈcyp.to/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈcyp.to/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈcip.to/

Verb

κύπτω • (kúptō)

1. to bend forward, stoop down
2. to hang one's head from shame
3. to bow down under a burden

Inflection

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	κῠ́πτω	κῠ́πτεις	κῠ́πτει	κῠ́πτετον	κῠ́πτετον	κῠ́πτομεν	κῠ́πτετε	κῠ́πτουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	κῠ́πτω	κῠ́πτῃς	κῠ́πτῃ	κῠ́πτητον	κῠ́πτητον	κῠ́πτωμεν	κῠ́πτητε	κῠ́πτωσῐ(ν)
	optative	κῠ́πτοιμῐ	κῠ́πτοις	κῠ́πτοι	κῠ́πτοιτον	κῠπτοίτην	κῠ́πτοιμεν	κῠ́πτοιτε	κῠ́πτοιεν
	imperative		κῠ́πτε	κῠπτέτω	κῠ́πτετον	κῠπτέτων		κῠ́πτετε	κῠπτόντων
		active
infinitive		κῠ́πτειν
participle	m	κῠ́πτων
	f	κῠ́πτουσᾰ
	n	κῠ́πτον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: κῠ́πτω

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔκῠπτον	ἔκῠπτες	ἔκῠπτε(ν)	ἐκῠ́πτετον	ἐκῠπτέτην	ἐκῠ́πτομεν	ἐκῠ́πτετε	ἔκῠπτον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ἔκῠπτον

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	κῠψέω	κῠψέεις	κῠψέει	κῠψέετον	κῠψέετον	κῠψέομεν	κῠψέετε	κῠψέουσῐ(ν)
	optative	κῠψέοιμῐ	κῠψέοις	κῠψέοι	κῠψέοιτον	κῠψεοίτην	κῠψέοιμεν	κῠψέοιτε	κῠψέοιεν
		active
infinitive		κῠψέειν
participle	m	κῠψέων
	f	κῠψέουσᾰ
	n	κῠψέον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: κῠψέω (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	κῠψῶ	κῠψεῖς	κῠψεῖ	κῠψεῖτον	κῠψεῖτον	κῠψοῦμεν	κῠψεῖτε	κῠψοῦσῐ(ν)
	optative	κῠψοίην, κῠψοῖμῐ	κῠψοίης, κῠψοῖς	κῠψοίη, κῠψοῖ	κῠψοῖτον, κῠψοίητον	κῠψοίτην, κῠψοιήτην	κῠψοῖμεν, κῠψοίημεν	κῠψοῖτε, κῠψοίητε	κῠψοῖεν, κῠψοίησᾰν
		active
infinitive		κῠψεῖν
participle	m	κῠψῶν
	f	κῠψοῦσᾰ
	n	κῠψοῦν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: κῠψῶ (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἔκῠψᾰ	ἔκῠψᾰς	ἔκῠψε(ν)	ἐκῠ́ψᾰτον	ἐκῠψᾰ́την	ἐκῠ́ψᾰμεν	ἐκῠ́ψᾰτε	ἔκῠψᾰν
	subjunctive	κῠ́ψω	κῠ́ψῃς	κῠ́ψῃ	κῠ́ψητον	κῠ́ψητον	κῠ́ψωμεν	κῠ́ψητε	κῠ́ψωσῐ(ν)
	optative	κῠ́ψαιμῐ	κῠ́ψειᾰς, κῠ́ψαις	κῠ́ψειε(ν), κῠ́ψαι	κῠ́ψαιτον	κῠψαίτην	κῠ́ψαιμεν	κῠ́ψαιτε	κῠ́ψειᾰν, κῠ́ψαιεν
	imperative		κῠ́ψον	κῠψᾰ́τω	κῠ́ψᾰτον	κῠψᾰ́των		κῠ́ψᾰτε	κῠψᾰ́ντων
		active
infinitive		κῠ́ψαι
participle	m	κῠ́ψᾱς
	f	κῠ́ψᾱσᾰ
	n	κῠ́ψᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ἔκῠψᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	κέκῡφᾰ	κέκῡφᾰς	κέκῡφε(ν)	κεκῡ́φᾰτον	κεκῡ́φᾰτον	κεκῡ́φᾰμεν	κεκῡ́φᾰτε	κεκῡ́φᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	κεκῡ́φω	κεκῡ́φῃς	κεκῡ́φῃ	κεκῡ́φητον	κεκῡ́φητον	κεκῡ́φωμεν	κεκῡ́φητε	κεκῡ́φωσῐ(ν)
	optative	κεκῡ́φοιμῐ, κεκῡφοίην	κεκῡ́φοις, κεκῡφοίης	κεκῡ́φοι, κεκῡφοίη	κεκῡ́φοιτον	κεκῡφοίτην	κεκῡ́φοιμεν	κεκῡ́φοιτε	κεκῡ́φοιεν
	imperative		κέκῡφε	κεκῡφέτω	κεκῡ́φετον	κεκῡφέτων		κεκῡ́φετε	κεκῡφόντων
		active
infinitive		κεκῡφέναι
participle	m	κεκῡφώς
	f	κεκῡφυῖᾰ
	n	κεκῡφός
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: κέκῡφᾰ

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐκεκῡ́φειν, ἐκεκῡ́φη	ἐκεκῡ́φεις, ἐκεκῡ́φης	ἐκεκῡ́φει(ν)	ἐκεκῡ́φετον	ἐκεκῡφέτην	ἐκεκῡ́φεμεν	ἐκεκῡ́φετε	ἐκεκῡ́φεσᾰν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: ἐκεκῡ́φειν

References

1. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κύπτω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 805-6

Further reading

• “κύπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κύπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “κύπτω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• κύπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• κύπτω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• G2955 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible