εὔχομαι

See also: εύχομαι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *eukʰomai (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀄𐀐𐀵 (e-u-ke-to, “εὔχεται (eúkhetai)”)),^[1] from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éwgʰ-e-ti, metathesized thematic present from *h₁wegʷʰ- (“to promise, to praise”). Cognates include Sanskrit ओहते (óhate), वाघत् (vāghát), Avestan 𐬀𐬊𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈 (aojaⁱte), Old Armenian գոգեմ (gogem), and Latin voveō.^[2]

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ěu̯.kʰo.mai̯/ → /ˈeɸ.xo.mɛ/ → /ˈef.xo.me/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ěu̯.kʰo.mai̯/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈew.kʰo.mɛ/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈeɸ.xo.mɛ/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈef.xo.me/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈef.xo.me/

Verb

εὔχομαι • (eúkhomai)

1. to pray, offer prayers
2. to pray for, wish for, long for
3. to vow or promise to do
4. to profess loudly, to boast, vaunt

Inflection

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	εὔχομαι	εὔχῃ, εὔχει	εὔχεται	εὔχεσθον	εὔχεσθον	εὐχόμεθᾰ	εὔχεσθε	εὔχονται
	subjunctive	εὔχωμαι	εὔχῃ	εὔχηται	εὔχησθον	εὔχησθον	εὐχώμεθᾰ	εὔχησθε	εὔχωνται
	optative	εὐχοίμην	εὔχοιο	εὔχοιτο	εὔχοισθον	εὐχοίσθην	εὐχοίμεθᾰ	εὔχοισθε	εὔχοιντο
	imperative		εὔχου	εὐχέσθω	εὔχεσθον	εὐχέσθων		εὔχεσθε	εὐχέσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						εὔχεσθαι
participle	m					εὐχόμενος
	f					εὐχομένη
	n					εὐχόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: εὔχομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	εὔχομαι	εὔχεαι	εὔχεται	εὔχεσθον	εὔχεσθον	εὐχόμε(σ)θᾰ	εὔχεσθε	εὔχονται
	subjunctive	εὔχωμαι	εὔχηαι	εὔχηται	εὔχησθον	εὔχησθον	εὐχώμε(σ)θᾰ	εὔχησθε	εὔχωνται
	optative	εὐχοίμην	εὔχοιο	εὔχοιτο	εὔχοισθον	εὐχοίσθην	εὐχοίμε(σ)θᾰ	εὔχοισθε	εὐχοίᾰτο
	imperative		εὔχεο	εὐχέσθω	εὔχεσθον	εὐχέσθων		εὔχεσθε	εὐχέσθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						εὔχεσθαι
participle	m					εὐχόμενος
	f					εὐχομένη
	n					εὐχόμενον
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Present: εὔχομαι (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ηὐχόμην	ηὔχου	ηὔχετο	ηὔχεσθον	ηὐχέσθην	ηὐχόμεθᾰ	ηὔχεσθε	ηὔχοντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: ηὐχόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	εὐχόμην	εὔχου, εὔχεο	εὔχετο	εὔχεσθον	εὐχέσθην	εὐχόμε(σ)θᾰ	εὔχεσθε	εὔχοντο
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Imperfect: εὐχόμην (Epic)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	εὔξομαι	εὔξῃ, εὔξει	εὔξεται	εὔξεσθον	εὔξεσθον	εὐξόμεθᾰ	εὔξεσθε	εὔξονται
	optative	εὐξοίμην	εὔξοιο	εὔξοιτο	εὔξοισθον	εὐξοίσθην	εὐξοίμεθᾰ	εὔξοισθε	εὔξοιντο
					middle
infinitive					εὔξεσθαι
participle	m				εὐξόμενος
	f				εὐξομένη
	n				εὐξόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Future: εὔξομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle	indicative	ηὐξᾰ́μην	ηὔξω	ηὔξᾰτο	ηὔξᾰσθον	ηὐξᾰ́σθην	ηὐξᾰ́μεθᾰ	ηὔξᾰσθε	ηὔξᾰντο
	subjunctive	εὔξωμαι	εὔξῃ	εὔξηται	εὔξησθον	εὔξησθον	εὐξώμεθᾰ	εὔξησθε	εὔξωνται
	optative	εὐξαίμην	εὔξαιο	εὔξαιτο	εὔξαισθον	εὐξαίσθην	εὐξαίμεθᾰ	εὔξαισθε	εὔξαιντο
	imperative		εὖξαι	εὐξᾰ́σθω	εὔξᾰσθον	εὐξᾰ́σθων		εὔξᾰσθε	εὐξᾰ́σθων
					middle
infinitive					εὔξᾰσθαι
participle	m				εὐξᾰ́μενος
	f				εὐξᾰμένη
	n				εὐξᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Aorist: ηὐξᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ηὖγμαι	ηὖξαι	ηὖκται	ηὖχθον	ηὖχθον	ηὔγμεθᾰ	ηὖχθε	ηὔχᾰται
	subjunctive	ηὐγμένος ὦ	ηὐγμένος ᾖς	ηὐγμένος ᾖ	ηὐγμένω ἦτον	ηὐγμένω ἦτον	ηὐγμένοι ὦμεν	ηὐγμένοι ἦτε	ηὐγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ηὐγμένος εἴην	ηὐγμένος εἴης	ηὐγμένος εἴη	ηὐγμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ηὐγμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ηὐγμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ηὐγμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ηὐγμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ηὖξο	ηὔχθω	ηὖχθον	ηὔχθων		ηὖχθε	ηὔχθων
						middle/passive
infinitive						ηὖχθαι
participle	m					ηὐγμένος
	f					ηὐγμένη
	n					ηὐγμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Perfect: ηὖγμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
middle/ passive	indicative	ηὔγμην	ηὖξο	ηὖκτο	ηὖχθον	ηὔχθην	ηὔγμεθᾰ	ηὖχθε	ηὔχᾰτο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

   Pluperfect: ηὔγμην

Derived terms

with prepositional prefixes:

• ἀπεύχομαι (apeúkhomai)
• ἐνεύχομαι (eneúkhomai)
• ἐξεύχομαι (exeúkhomai)
• ἐπευχάδιος (epeukhádios)
• ἐπεύχομαι (epeúkhomai)
• κατεύχομαι (kateúkhomai)
• μετεύχομαι (meteúkhomai)
• προκατεύχομαι (prokateúkhomai)
• προσεπεύχομαι (prosepeúkhomai)
• προσεύχομαι (proseúkhomai)
• προσκατεύχομαι (proskateúkhomai)
• συγκατεύχομαι (sunkateúkhomai)
• συνεπεύχομαι (sunepeúkhomai)
• συνεύχομαι (suneúkhomai)

 

with suffixes:

• ἀπευχή (apeukhḗ)
• ἐπευχή (epeukhḗ)
• εὐκτέον (euktéon)
• εὐκτική (euktikḗ)
• εὐκτικός (euktikós)
• εὐκτός (euktós)
• εὐχέτης (eukhétēs)
• εὐχή (eukhḗ)
• εὖχος (eûkhos)
• κατευχή (kateukhḗ)
• προσευχή (proseukhḗ)
• συνευχή (suneukhḗ)

 

Related terms

• εὐχωλή (eukhōlḗ)

Descendants

• → Greek: εύχομαι (éfchomai) (learned)

References

1. εὔχομαι - Babiniotis, Georgios (2010) Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek language] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre
2. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “εὔχομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 485-6

Further reading

• “εὔχομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “εὔχομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “εὔχομαι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• εὔχομαι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• εὔχομαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “εὔχομαι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2172 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • boast idem, page 86.
  • brag idem, page 92.
  • impiore idem, page 421.
  • invoke idem, page 458.
  • pray idem, page 632.
  • redound to idem, page 684.
  • supplicate idem, page 840.
  • vow idem, page 958.